{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T19:07:59Z","timestamp":1787252879014,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011725","name":"Les Laboratoires Servier","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validating cases of acute liver injury (ALI) in health care data sources is challenging. Previous validation studies reported low positive predictive values (PPVs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case validation was undertaken in a study conducted from 2009 to 2014 assessing the risk of ALI in antidepressants users in databases in Spain (EpiChron and SIDIAP) and the Danish National Health Registers. Three ALI definitions were evaluated: primary (specific hospital discharge codes), secondary (specific and nonspecific hospital discharge codes), and tertiary (specific and nonspecific hospital and outpatient codes). The validation included review of patient profiles (EpiChron and SIDIAP) and of clinical data from medical records (EpiChron and Denmark). ALI cases were confirmed when liver enzyme values met a definition by an international working group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall PPVs (95% CIs) for the study ALI definitions were, for the primary ALI definition, 84% (60%\u201097%) (EpiChron), 60% (26%\u201088%) (SIDIAP), and 74% (60%\u201085%) (Denmark); for the secondary ALI definition, 65% (45%\u201081%) (EpiChron), 40% (19%\u201064%) (SIDIAP), and 70% (64%\u201077%) (Denmark); and for the tertiary ALI definition, 25% (18%\u201034%) (EpiChron), 8% (7%\u20109%) (SIDIAP), and 47% (42%\u201052%) (Denmark). The overall PPVs were higher for specific than for nonspecific codes and for hospital discharge than for outpatient codes. The nonspecific code \u201cunspecified jaundice\u201d had high PPVs in Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPVs obtained apply to patients using antidepressants without preexisting liver disease or ALI risk factors. To maximize validity, studies on ALI should prioritize hospital specific discharge codes and should include hospital codes for unspecified jaundice. Case validation is required when ALI outpatient cases are considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T02:55:05Z","timestamp":1559876105000},"page":"965-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Validity of ICD\u20109 and ICD\u201010 codes used to identify acute liver injury: A study in three European data sources"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Forns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3805-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Cainzos\u2010Achirica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Hellfritzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Morros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Poblador\u2010Plou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiChron Research Group. Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Arag\u00f3n, REDISSEC ISCIII  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Giner\u2010Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Prados\u2010Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiChron Research Group. Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Arag\u00f3n, REDISSEC ISCIII  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d'Estad\u00edstica i Investigaci\u00f3 Operativa Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Castellsagu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Jacquot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology Department Les Laboratoires Servier  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Deltour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology Department Les Laboratoires Servier  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Perez\u2010Gutthann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Pladevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"The Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.828032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25551"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3470"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7405.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3824"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/15748863113086660051"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"Pladevall\u2010VilaM.Post\u2010authorisation safety study of agomelatine and the risk of hospitalisation for acute liver injury 16\/01\/20182018.http:\/\/www.encepp.eu\/encepp\/viewResource.htm?id=12730(accessed 2 March 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx259"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","unstructured":"SIDIAP. 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