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A wash\u2010out period for RASb of 6 months preceding admission was used.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Hospital data were linked with drug dispensation data and cause of death data. The associations between time\u2010dependent RASb exposure and all\u2010cause death and HF death, respectively, were examined by Cox regression models. Interactions by gender and age were also investigated on the multiplicative and additive scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty thousand seven hundred twenty\u2010one patients were analysed. Fifty\u2010one percent were women. Median age was 83. Fifty\u2010three percent of women and 64% of men received RASb after the index hospitalisation. Younger patients were more likely to receive RASb than older ones. One\u2010year mortality was 28%. RASb was associated with an overall hazard ratio (HR) for all\u2010cause death of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.69\u20100.75), and an HR of 0.85 (0.77\u20100.93) for HF death. Interaction analyses showed HRs for all\u2010cause death associated with RASb between 0.12 (0.10\u20100.13) in the youngest, and 0.80 (0.76\u20100.84) in the oldest patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>RASb appeared effective for women and men and for patients of all ages in this hospitalised HF cohort. No gender difference in effectiveness was found. RASb exposure was low overall, indicating a need for improved adherence to treatment guidelines. Treatment with RASb may be inequitable for women and older patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T06:19:40Z","timestamp":1582006780000},"page":"518-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effectiveness by gender and age of renin\u2010angiotensin system blockade in heart failure\u2014A national register\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertil","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronnie","family":"Pingel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Hanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragnar","family":"Westerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8875","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"821","article-title":"Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. 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