{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:58:35Z","timestamp":1788670715862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CE002786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CE002786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DA044284\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DA044284\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public and private payers have implemented benefit limitations to reduce high\u2010risk opioid prescriptions. The effect of these policies on the increase of out\u2010pocket payment is unclear. To understand this gap, we compared the discrepancies in trends between opioid prescription fills vs claims among Medicaid beneficiaries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Oregon Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) and Oregon Medicaid administrative claims were used to identify Medicaid beneficiaries 18\u2009years and older enrolled at least one full month from 2015 to 2017. Generalized linear models assessed the trends in the monthly rates of opioid PDMP prescription fills and pharmacy claims per 1000 eligible members. Rates by morphine equivalent dose (MED) tier (&lt;50, 50\u201089, 90\u2010120, &gt;120 MED) and co\u2010prescribed opioid and benzodiazepine were also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, an average of 495\u2009355 Medicaid members had 2\u2009797\u2009054 opioid PDMP fills and 2\u2009472\u2009155 opioid Medicaid pharmacy claims. Study participants had 15.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.6 to 17.0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) more prescriptions per 1000 member per month in the PDMP data (114.1 [<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> 7.4]) compared with the Medicaid claims data (98.7 [<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> 7.9]). Similarly, there were 1.9 more co\u2010occurring opioid\/benzodiazepine prescriptions per 1000 members per month observed in the PDMP data than the Medicaid claims data (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). At each MED tier, the PDMP fills were consistently higher than the claims (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher rate of fills in the PDMP compared to pharmacy claims suggests that there may be an increasing trend of out\u2010of\u2010pocket payment among Medicaid beneficiaries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T08:26:16Z","timestamp":1597047976000},"page":"1168-1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A comparison of trends in opioid dispensing patterns between Medicaid pharmacy claims and prescription drug monitoring program data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanae","family":"El Ibrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation Comagine Health  Portland Oregon"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health University of Nevada  Las Vegas Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Hallvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation Comagine Health  Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirbee","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Leichtling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation Comagine Health  Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5152","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Drug and opioid\u2010involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2013\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Scholl L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.988339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6541a1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Implementation of an opioid management initiative by a state Medicaid program","volume":"20","author":"Garcia MM","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1823"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2017.1389798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"CDC. 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