{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T03:50:26Z","timestamp":1780458626041,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between cardioprotective aspirin and risk of age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) is still controversial up to date. We aimed to analyze the risk of AMD between aspirin users and non\u2010aspirin users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study by using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients aged more than 45\u2009years old who initiated aspirin during 2002 to 2012 were followed till 2013. We first selected an age and sex\u2010matched cohort, then identified aspirin users and non\u2010aspirin users as propensity score\u2010matched cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to compare their hazards and 95% confidence intervals. Incidence of newly developed AMD, neovascular AMD, and other\u2010AMD was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 204\u2009085 regular aspirin users and 478\u2009048 non\u2010aspirin users from our datasets. The univariate HR was 2.85 (95% CI, 2.75\u20102.96), and the multivariate HR was 2.54 (95% CI, 2.44\u20102.65). In the PS\u2010matched cohort, the HR was 2.38 (95% CI, 2.25\u20102.52). The incidence of aspirin users for AMD risk was 11.95 per 1000 person\u2010year, while the incidence of non\u2010aspirin users was only 3.92 per 1000 person\u2010year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with regular use of aspirin had higher risk in developing AMD compared to non\u2010aspirin users and suggest to have regular visual acuity and funduscopic examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T06:16:19Z","timestamp":1601705779000},"page":"178-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk of <scp>age\u2010related<\/scp> macular degeneration in aspirin users and <scp>non\u2010aspirin<\/scp> users: A population\u2010based cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan\u2010Ju Annabelle","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chi Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yea\u2010Huei Kao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Health Outcome Research Center National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Lan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Health Outcome Research Center National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160617105634"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160610100624","article-title":"Antiplatelet treatment in stroke: new insights","volume":"22","author":"Milionis H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw028"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198804283181710","article-title":"Macular hemorrhage in the aging eye: the effects of anticoagulants","volume":"318","author":"Kingham JD","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.8.1143","article-title":"Age\u2010related maculopathy in a randomized trial of low\u2010dose aspirin among US physicians","volume":"119","author":"Christen WG","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.05.031"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.65406","article-title":"Long\u2010term use of aspirin and age\u2010related macular degeneration","volume":"308","author":"Klein BE","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.025","article-title":"Associations between aspirin use and aging macula disorder: the European eye study","volume":"119","author":"Jong PT","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302253","article-title":"Is aspirin intake associated with early age\u2010related macular degeneration? The Singapore Indian eye study","volume":"97","author":"Cheung N","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1583","article-title":"The association of aspirin use with age\u2010related macular degeneration","volume":"173","author":"Liew G","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.023"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1803","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of age\u2010related macular degeneration in an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: the Shihpai eye study","volume":"49","author":"Chen SJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2001.11644261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"National Health Insurance Annual Report 2014\u20132015","author":"National Health Insurance Administration MoH, Welfare T, ROC","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2004.008011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181884fa6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.05.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"1000562","article-title":"miR\u2010146a is Upregulated during retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)\/choroid aging in mice and represses IL\u20106 and VEGF\u2010A expression in RPE cells","volume":"7","author":"Hao Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.01.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Aspirin and age related macular degeneration; the possible relationship","volume":"2","author":"Wu Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Hypothesis, Discov Innovat Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"Does aspirin increase the risk of age\u2010related macular degeneration?","volume":"13","author":"Chong EW","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.5193","article-title":"Aspirin use and aging macula disorder","volume":"132","author":"Jong PT","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"687","article-title":"Aspirin and age\u2010related macular degeneration: positives versus negatives","volume":"13","author":"Nowak JZ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58821","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058821","article-title":"Aspirin use and risk of age\u2010related macular degeneration: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhu W","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30593-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.5.537","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of early stage age\u2010related macular degeneration in patients examined at a health promotion center in Korea","volume":"27","author":"Moon BG","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeeWA ChengCL LeeCH Kao YangYH.Risks of newly onset hemorrhagic stroke in patients with neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration.2017;26(10):1277\u20131285.","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4299"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0667-z","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in elderly Chinese patients","volume":"242","author":"Wen F","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20091030-07","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Taiwanese patients","volume":"40","author":"Chang YC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Official J Int Soc Imaging Eye"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.10.1392","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: incidence, demographic features, and clinical characteristics","volume":"121","author":"Sho K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001872","article-title":"Prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in white patients with exudative age\u2010related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"38","author":"Lorentzen TD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, PA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.5145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pds.5145","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.5145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T18:15:35Z","timestamp":1693764935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.5145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.5145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.5145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}