{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:30Z","timestamp":1786978290549,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity in Ghana. However, there is insufficient data on the prevalence and quality of antihypertensive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence of use and quality of antihypertensive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study design was used to analyze the 2015 Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) electronic claims data. Hypertension diagnosis was defined using ICD\u201010 codes. The primary outcomes assessed were the prevalence of use and quality of antihypertensive therapy. Quality of antihypertensive therapy was defined as the use of antihypertensive agents recommended for treating hypertension patients with comorbid heart failure, myocardial Infarction\/Coronary Artery Disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or stroke. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify predictors of antihypertensive use and quality of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antihypertensive medication use was very high (86%) among the 161\u2009873 hypertension patients covered under the Ghana NHIS. Only a third (32%) of hypertension patients received guideline\u2010concordant therapy. Angiotensin receptor blockers were consumed at the highest dosages of 120 (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 60, 180) daily defined doses over a year. Males (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a00.60; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:0.58, 0.61) and those with comorbid stroke (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.91, 95% CI:0.84, 0.99), diabetes (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.72; 95% CI:0.69, 0.74) and stroke (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.74, 95%CI:0.68, 0.80) were less likely to use antihypertensives, all other predictors were associated with higher use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antihypertensive medication use was very high among hypertension patients covered under the Ghana NHIS. However, there was indication of suboptimal quality of the antihypertensive therapy provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T13:58:23Z","timestamp":1622037503000},"page":"1566-1575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and quality of antihypertensive therapy among hypertension patients enrolled in the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macarius M.","family":"Donneyong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng\u2010Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ankrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korle\u2010Bu Teaching Hospital  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Asenso\u2010Boadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana National Health Insurance Authority  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Addo\u2010Cobbiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana National Health Insurance Authority  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Dsane\u2010Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana National Health Insurance Authority  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health RoG.Dietary and Physical Activity Guidelines for Ghana;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000126176.03319.d8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Prevalence, detection, management, and control of hypertension in Ghanaian civil servants","volume":"18","author":"Addo J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"894","article-title":"The changing patterns of hypertension in Ghana: a study of four rural communities in the Ga District","volume":"16","author":"Addo J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Hypertension in Ghana: a cross\u2010sectional community prevalence study in greater Accra","volume":"13","author":"Amoah AG","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Authority GNHI.NHIS Medicines List 2021;2021.http:\/\/www.nhis.gov.gh\/files\/Main%20Medicines%20List%202021%20March%20Version%20(003).pdf. Accessed March 23 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Dsane\u2010SelbyHWNOL.Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme: Improving Financial Sustainability Based on Expenditure Review."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health RoG.Standard Treatment Guidelines. 7th ed;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Methodology WCCfDS.Definition and general considerations;2021.https:\/\/www.whocc.no\/ddd\/definition_and_general_considera\/. Accessed March 19 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Incomplete data in sample surveys","volume":"185","author":"Ford B","year":"1983","journal-title":"New York Academic Pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1403140"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.5298","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pds.5298","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.5298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T16:15:30Z","timestamp":1693325730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.5298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.5298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.5298","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}