{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:38:16Z","timestamp":1791423496991,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH116194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH116194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To validate healthcare claim\u2010based algorithms for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in children using medical records as the reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a clinical data warehouse of patients receiving outpatient or inpatient care at two hospitals in Boston, we identified children (\u226414\u2009years between 2010 and 2014) with at least one of the following NDDs according to claims\u2010based algorithms: autism spectrum disorder\/pervasive developmental disorder (ASD), attention deficit disorder\/other hyperkinetic syndromes of childhood (ADHD), learning disability, speech\/language disorder, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual disability, and behavioral disorder. Fifty cases per outcome were randomly sampled and their medical records were independently reviewed by two physicians to adjudicate the outcome presence. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PPVs were 94% (95% CI, 83%\u201399%) for ASD, 88% (76%\u201395%) for ADHD, 98% (89%\u2013100%) for learning disability, 98% (89%\u2013100%) for speech\/language disorder, 82% (69%\u201391%) for intellectual disability, and 92% (81%\u201398%) for behavioral disorder. A total of 19 of the 50 algorithm\u2010based cases of DCD were confirmed as severe coordination disorders with functional impairment, with a PPV of 38% (25%\u201353%). Among the 31 false\u2010positive cases of DCD were 7 children with coordination deficits that did not persist throughout childhood, 7 with visual\u2010motor integration deficits, 12 with coordination issues due to an underlying medical condition and 5 with ADHD and at least one other severe NDD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PPVs were generally high (range: 82%\u201398%), suggesting that claims\u2010based algorithms can be used to study NDDs. For DCD, additional criteria are needed to improve the classification of true cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T10:22:19Z","timestamp":1633861339000},"page":"1635-1642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Validity of claims\u2010based algorithms to identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loreen","family":"Straub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hernandez\u2010Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Department of Pediatrics Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Women and Infants Hospital  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndon","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Homsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken W. K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mckenna","family":"Longacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Tukan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Zerriny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Mogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krista F.","family":"Huybrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1708919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.14.1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Mental Health Information\u2010Health Topics. 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