{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:49:19Z","timestamp":1747151359379,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 DA036566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DA036566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate \u201chigh\u2010risk\u201d opioid dispensing to adolescents, including daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) above recommended amounts, the percentage of extended\u2010release opioid prescriptions dispensed to opioid\u2010na\u00efve adolescents, and concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines, and to evaluate changes in those rates over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of one state's prescription drug monitoring program data (2010\u20132017), evaluating adolescents 12\u201318\u2009years old dispensed opioid analgesic prescriptions. Outcomes of interest were the quarterly frequencies of the high\u2010risk measures. We utilized generalized linear regression to determine whether the rate of the outcomes changed over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The quarterly percentage of adolescents ages 12\u201318\u2009years old dispensed an opioid who received \u226590 daily MME declined from 4.1% in the first quarter (Q1) of 2010 to 3.4% in the final quarter (Q4) of 2017 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The frequency of adolescents dispensed \u226550 daily MME changed little over time. In 2010, the percentage of adolescents receiving an extended\u2010release opioid who were opioid na\u00efve was 60.7%, declining to 50.6% by Q4 of 2017 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.10 overall change 2010\u20132017). The percentage of adolescent opioid days overlapping with benzodiazepine days was 1.6% in Q1 of 2010, declining to 1.1% by Q4 of 2017 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among persons 12\u201318\u2009years old dispensed an opioid analgesic, receipt of \u226590 daily MME declined during the years 2010\u20132017, as did the percentage of adolescent opioid days that overlapped with benzodiazepines. More than half of the individuals who received extended\u2010release opioid analgesics were identified as opioid na\u00efve and, counter to guidelines, received products intended for opioid\u2010tolerant individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T08:13:27Z","timestamp":1638519207000},"page":"353-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High\u2010risk opioid analgesic dispensing to adolescents 12\u201318\u2009years old in South Carolina: 2010\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8626-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"William T.","family":"Basco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna L.","family":"McCauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin E.","family":"Marsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kit N.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management College of Health Professions, The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khosrow","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Mauldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine The Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.1832"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2018 Annual Surveillance Report of Drug\u2010Related Risks and Outcomes \u2014 United States. 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