{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:36:03Z","timestamp":1767904563189,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005205","name":"Janssen Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation of novel code\u2010based algorithms to identify invasive <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> disease (IED) among patients in healthcare databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inpatient visits with microbiological evidence of invasive bacterial disease were extracted from the Optum\u00a9 electronic health record database between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2020. Six algorithms, derived from diagnosis and drug exposure codes associated to infectious diseases and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, were developed to identify IED. The performance characteristics of algorithms were assessed using a reference standard derived from microbiology data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 97\u2009194 eligible records, 25\u2009310 (26.0%) were classified as IED. Algorithm 1 (diagnosis code for infectious invasive disease due to <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) had the highest positive predictive value (PPV; 96.0%) and lowest sensitivity (60.4%). Algorithm 2, which additionally included patients with diagnosis codes for infectious invasive disease due to an unspecified organism, had the highest sensitivity (95.5%) and lowest PPV (27.8%). Algorithm 4, which required patients with a diagnosis code for infectious invasive disease due to unspecified organism to have no diagnosis code for non\u2010<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> infections, achieved the most balanced performance characteristics (PPV, 93.6%; sensitivity, 78.1%; F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> score, 85.1%). Finally, adding exposure to antibiotics in the treatment of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> had limited impact on performance algorithms 5 and 6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Algorithm 4, which achieved the most balanced performance characteristics, offers a useful tool to identify patients with IED and assess the burden of IED in healthcare databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T12:58:21Z","timestamp":1656248301000},"page":"983-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and performance characteristics of novel code\u2010based algorithms to identify invasive <scp><i>Escherichia coli<\/i><\/scp> disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7529-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Fortin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research &amp; Development Observational Health Data Analytics  Raritan New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Hernandez Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research &amp; Development Infectious Diseases and Vaccines  Beerse Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3503-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Doua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research &amp; Development Infectious Diseases and Vaccines  Beerse Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7035-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Sarnecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Vaccines Branch of Cilag GmbH International  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Swerdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research &amp; Development Observational Health Data Analytics  Raritan New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Colasurdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research &amp; Development Epidemiology  Raritan New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Geurtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Vaccines &amp; Prevention Bacterial Vaccines Research &amp; Early Development  CN Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"E. coli as an all\u2010rounder: the thin line between commensalism and pathogenicity","volume":"358","author":"Leimbach A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2943-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/111724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAI-0014-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.991234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198772"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1488590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Escherichia coli(E. coli) bacteraemia: financial year counts and rates by acute trust and CCG up to financial year 2020 to 2021. 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