{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:48:27Z","timestamp":1789523307158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse (1) how often patients insured under the statutory health insurance (SHI) scheme received repeated prescriptions for benzodiazepines or Z\u2010drugs as private prescriptions and (2) how often doctors switched from SHI prescriptions to private prescriptions and vice versa when issuing repeat prescriptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>On basis of anonymized prescriptions from 874 ambulatory practices in Germany, we analysed the percentage of private prescriptions for Z\u2010drugs, benzodiazepines\/anxiolytics, and benzodiazepines\/hypnotics and sedatives over 6\u2009years (2014 to 2020).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 2\u2009200\u2009446 prescriptions for a benzodiazepine or Z\u2010drug, 38% were private prescriptions. In case of Z\u2010drugs, the rate of private prescriptions was 44.1% for single prescriptions and 48.9% for refills. The difference was smaller for anxiolytics (23.3% vs. 26.0%) and, for benzodiazepine\/hypnotics and sedatives, the proportion of private prescriptions for refills was even lower than for single prescriptions. In case of Z\u2010drugs, the proportion of private prescriptions was, on average, 42.7% for the first prescription of a series of repeat prescriptions and 49.6% for the tenth prescription. The increase was smaller for anxiolytics and negligible for benzodiazepine\/hypnotics and sedatives. Doctors stayed with their initial decision in more than three quarters of repeat prescriptions, be it a SHI or private prescription.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While we observed a large number of private prescriptions for benzodiazepines and Z\u2010drugs, the proportion was only slightly higher for refills than for single prescriptions. Doctors do not seem to issue private prescriptions as a strategy to mask especially long\u2010term use of these substances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T08:41:36Z","timestamp":1661848896000},"page":"60-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of private prescriptions in the long\u2010term use of benzodiazepines and Z\u2010drugs: A patient\u2010related follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0886-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Grimmsmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service Mecklenburg\u2010Vorpommern  Schwerin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3523-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Himmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X685213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-016-0097-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Prescribing Drugs of Dependence in General Practice. Evidence\u2010based Guidance for Benzodiazepines, Part B \u2013 Benzodiazepines","author":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The problems of long\u2010term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances","volume":"112","author":"Janhsen K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis): Fachserie 13 Reihe 1.1: Sozialleistungen Angaben zur Krankenversicherung (Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus). Last accessed August 6 2022.https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesellschaft-Umwelt\/Gesundheit\/Gesundheitszustand-Relevantes-Verhalten\/Publikationen\/Downloads-Gesundheitszustand\/krankenversicherung-mikrozensus-2130110199004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-014-4016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","article-title":"The role of private prescriptions in benzodiazepine and Z\u2010drug use \u2013 a secondary analysis of office\u2010based prescription data","volume":"119","author":"Grimmsmann T","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Perceptions of GPs and community pharmacists on hypnotic prescribing on private prescriptions [in German]","volume":"139","author":"Hoffmann F","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and Z\u2010drugs \u2013 analyses of ambulatory prescriptions from 2006 to 2015 [in German]","volume":"46","author":"Verthein U","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3825"},{"issue":"533","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"964","article-title":"GPs' attitudes to benzodiazepine and \u2018Z\u2010drug\u2019 prescribing: a barrier to implementation of evidence and guidance on hypnotics","volume":"56","author":"Siriwardena AN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmz018"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.5536","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pds.5536","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.5536","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T11:34:07Z","timestamp":1692531247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.5536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.5536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.5536","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}