{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:54:04Z","timestamp":1786978444735,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies suggest that women are more susceptible to diuretic\u2010induced hyponatremia resulting in hospital admission than men. The aim of this study was to confirm whether these sex differences in hyponatremia\u2010related hospital admissions in diuretic users remain after adjusting for several confounding variables such as age, dose, and concurrent medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a case\u2013control design nested in diuretic users, cases of hyponatremia associated hospital admissions between 2005 and 2017 were identified from the PHARMO Data Network. Cases were 1:10 matched to diuretic users as controls. Odds ratios (OR) with 95%CIs were calculated for women versus men and adjusted for potential confounders (age, number of diuretics, other hyponatremia\u2010inducing drugs, chronic disease score) using unconditional logistic regression analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed for specific diuretic groups (thiazides, loop diuretics and aldosterone antagonists).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women had a statistically significantly higher risk of a hospital admission associated with hyponatremia than men while using diuretics (OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.64\u20132.11). Adjusting for the potential confounders resulted in an increased risk for women compared to men (ORadj 2.65, 95% CI 2.31\u20133.04). This higher risk in women was also seen in the three subgroup analyses after adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings show a higher risk of hyponatremia\u2010related hospital admission in women than men while using diuretics. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanism of this sex difference to be able to provide sex\u2010specific recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T10:00:24Z","timestamp":1673517624000},"page":"635-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Women on diuretics have a higher risk of hospital admission because of hyponatremia than men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0534-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda C.","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Tergooi MC  Hilversum The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Tergooi MC  Hilversum The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron M. 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