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Therefore, to investigate adverse events (AEs) that might be associated with COVID\u201019 vaccines, signals were detected using spontaneous reports from South Korea. We compared the signals with the vaccine insert lists of the regulators in the four countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous reports from 62 sites were collected by the National Medical Center between January 2013 and May 2022. A descriptive analysis of AEs associated with COVID\u201019 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen) was performed, and the proportional reporting ratio, reporting odds ratio, and information component were calculated. We performed five analyses, with five cases and one control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, 68\u2009355 cases were reported, of which 12\u2009485 were COVID\u201019 vaccine AEs. Injection site pain (2198 cases, 17.6%), myalgia (1552 cases, 12.4%), headache (1145 cases, 9.2%), pyrexia (1003 cases, 8.0%), and fatigue (735 cases, 5.9%) were frequently reported. When comparing all COVID\u201019 vaccines with other viral vaccines, 20 signals were detected, of which cachexia, dyspepsia, abdominal discomfort, and mood swings were not listed on the vaccine inserts in all four countries. Overall, 20, 17, 29, and 9 signals were detected in vaccines developed by Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on a disproportionate analysis of COVID\u201019 vaccine AEs using spontaneous reports from South Korea, different signals were detected for each vaccine manufacturer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T02:45:15Z","timestamp":1680749115000},"page":"961-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Signal detection of <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 vaccines adverse events using spontaneous reports from South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8197-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Su","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Safety Monitoring Center National Medical Center  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6576-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Chul","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard.World Health Organization. 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