{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:53:13Z","timestamp":1790952793959,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AA027811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AA027811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a novel, electronic health record (EHR)\u2010based approach, to estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use at 2, 4, and 6\u2009months postpartum among lactating individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We utilized automated EHR data from a US health system that records infant feeding information at well\u2010child visits. We linked mothers who received prenatal care to their infants born May 2018\u2013June 2019, and we required infants to have \u22651 well\u2010child visit between 31 and 90\u2009days of life (i.e., 2\u2010month well\u2010child visit with a \u00b11\u2009month window). Mothers were classified as lactating at the 2\u2010month well\u2010child visit if their infant received breast milk at the 2\u2010month well\u2010child visit. For subsequent well\u2010child visits at 4 and 6\u2009months, mothers were considered lactating if their infant was still receiving breast milk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 6013 mothers meeting inclusion criteria, and 4158 (69.2%) were classified as lactating at the 2\u2010month well\u2010child visit. Among those classified as lactating, the most common medication classes dispensed around the 2\u2010month well\u2010child visit were oral progestin contraceptives (19.1%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (8.8%), first generation cephalosporins (4.3%), thyroid hormones (3.5%), nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory agents (3.4%), penicillinase\u2010resistant penicillins (3.1%), topical corticosteroids (2.9%), and oral imidazole\u2010related antifungals (2.0%). The most common medication classes were similar around the 4 and 6\u2010month well\u2010child visits although prevalence estimates were often lower.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progestin\u2010only contraceptives, antidepressants, and antibiotics were the most dispensed medications among lactating mothers. With routine collection of breastfeeding information, mother\u2010infant linked EHR data may overcome limitations in previous studies of medication utilization during lactation. These data should be considered for studies of medication safety during lactation given the need for human safety data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T11:35:38Z","timestamp":1684755338000},"page":"1113-1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The most common medications dispensed to lactating persons: An electronic health record\u2010based approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Palmsten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pregnancy and Child Health Research Center HealthPartners Institute  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Vazquez\u2010Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pregnancy and Child Health Research Center HealthPartners Institute  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan M.","family":"JaKa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evaluation and Survey Research HealthPartners Institute  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Bandoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muskie School of Public Service University of Southern Maine  Portland Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1806-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elyse O.","family":"Kharbanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pregnancy and Child Health Research Center HealthPartners Institute  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1817420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.676"},{"issue":"233","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"72063","article-title":"Content and format of labeling for human prescription drug and biological products; requirements for pregnancy and lactation labeling\u2014final rule","volume":"79","author":"US Food and Drug Administration, Health and Human Services","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Guideline on Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products on Human Reproduction and Lactation: From Data to Labelling.2008. 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