{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T05:13:23Z","timestamp":1699852403842},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102016R1C 1B1009198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102016R1C 1B1009198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21153MFDS601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21153MFDS601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The disease burden of parkinsonism is extremely costly in the United States. Unlike Parkinson's disease, drug\u2010induced parkinsonism (DIP) is acute and reversible; exploring the causative drug is important to prevent DIP in patients at high\u2010risk of parkinsonism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether the use of gastrointestinal (GI) prokinetics is associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010crossover study using nationally representative data. We included patients who were newly diagnosed with parkinsonism (ICD\u201010 G20, G21.1, G25.1) between January 1, 2007 and December 1, 2015. The first prescription date of G20, G21.1, or G25.1 diagnoses was defined as the index date (0\u2009day). Patients with prior extrapyramidal and movement disorders or brain tumors were excluded. We assessed the exposure within the risk (0\u201329\u2009days) and control periods (60\u201389\u2009days), before or on the index date. Conditional logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for parkinsonism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 2268 and 1674 patients were exposed to GI prokinetics during the risk and control periods, respectively. The use of GI prokinetics significantly increased the occurrence of parkinsonism (aOR\u2009=\u20092.31; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 2.06\u20132.59). The use of GI prokinetics was associated with a higher occurrence of parkinsonism in elderly patients (\u226565\u2009years old; aOR\u2009=\u20092.69; 95% CI, 2.30\u20133.14) than in younger patients (aOR\u2009=\u20091.90; 95% CI, 1.59\u20132.27).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of GI prokinetics was significantly associated with higher occurrences of parkinsonism, necessitating close consideration when using GI prokinetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T02:03:35Z","timestamp":1690337015000},"page":"1378-1386","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of gastrointestinal prokinetics and the risk of parkinsonism: A population\u2010based case\u2010crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eunji","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital  Yangsan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital  Yangsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science (IRIS) Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hae Sun","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science (IRIS) Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25292"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease and drug\u2010induced parkinsonism in Korea","volume":"19","author":"Sola H","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00127893-200211000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23828"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390110070015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Metoclopramide 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