{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:55:44Z","timestamp":1791618944448,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR181960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR181960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly used drugs in the United States (U.S.). We aimed to determine the trends in use of PPIs among adults in the U.S. from 1999 through 2018, hypothesizing the trend would follow an inverted U\u2010shaped curve, with a decline in recent years due to safety concerns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporal trends in use of prescription PPIs were assessed using the 1999\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative cross\u2010sectional survey of non\u2010institutionalized U.S. civilians. Use of PPIs was defined as any use during the month preceding the survey. Descriptive statistics were produced and trends in PPI use were examined, stratified by sex, age, race, body mass index (BMI), and poverty level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of prescription PPIs increased from 4.1% of U.S. adults in 1999\u20132000 to 8.6% in 2017\u20132018 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.01). All of the increase was observed during the first half of the study period (4.6% increase from 1999 to 2008 vs. 0.5% decrease from 2009 to 2018) and almost all of it was among those aged 55 or more (8.6% increase among those aged\u2009\u2265\u200955 compared to 1.2% increase among those aged\u2009&lt;\u200955, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction based on age\u2009&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of prescription PPIs increased from 1999 to 2008 and then plateaued through 2018. This rise was driven by increased usage among older NHANES respondents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T01:48:50Z","timestamp":1690854530000},"page":"1406-1410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Trends in use of proton pump inhibitors among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9292-4528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Bergin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley M.","family":"Zylberberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Lebwohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Freedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.13766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"FDA.Early communication about an ongoing safety review of clopidogrel bisulfate (marketed as Plavix) and omeprazole (marketed as Prilosec and Prilosec OTC). U.S. Food and Drug Administration.2009Retrieved March 6 2023 from:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals\/ucm190784.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"FDA.FDA drug safety communication: possible increased risk of fractures of the hip wrist and spine with the use of proton pump inhibitors. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.2010Retrieved March 6 2023 fromhttps:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket\u2010drug\u2010safety\u2010information\u2010patients\u2010and\u2010providers\/fda\u2010drug\u2010safety\u2010communication\u2010possible\u2010increased\u2010risk\u2010fractures\u2010hip\u2010wrist\u2010and\u2010spine\u2010use\u2010proton\u2010pump"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"FDA.FDA Drug Safety Communication: low magnesium levels can be associated with long\u2010term use of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs (PPIs). 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