{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:31:09Z","timestamp":1789583469597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR130581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR130581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023699","name":"Health Data Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common and a leading cause of injury. However, information on ADR risks of individual medicines is often limited. The aim of this hypothesis\u2010generating study was to assess the relative importance of ADR\u2010related and emergency hospital admission for large group of medication classes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a propensity\u2010matched case\u2010control study in English primary care. Data sources were Clinical Practice Research Databank and Aurum with longitudinal, anonymized, patient level electronic health records (EHRs) from English general practices linked to hospital records. Cases aged 65\u2013100 with ADR\u2010related or emergency hospital admission were matched to up to six controls by age, sex, morbidity and propensity scores for hospital admission risk. Medication groups with systemic administration as listed in the British National Formulary (used by prescribers for medication advice). Prescribing in the 84\u2009days before the index date was assessed. Only medication groups with 50+ cases exposed were analysed. The outcomes of interest were ADR\u2010related and emergency hospital admissions. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall population included 121\u2009546 cases with an ADR\u2010related and 849\u2009769 cases with emergency hospital admission. The percentage of hospitalizations with an ADR\u2010related code for admission diagnosis was 1.83% and 6.58% with an ADR\u2010related code at any time during hospitalization. A total of 137 medication groups was included in the main ADR analyses. Of these, 13 (9.5%) had statistically non\u2010significant adjusted ORs, 58 (42.3%) statistically significant ORs between 1.0 and 1.5, 37 (27.0%) between 1.5\u20132.0, 18 (13.1%) between 2.0\u20133.0 and 11 (8.0%) 3.0 or higher. Several classes of antibiotics (including penicillins) were among medicines with largest ORs. Evaluating the 14 medications most often associated with ADRs, a strong association was found between the number of these medicines and the risk of ADR\u2010related hospital admission (adjusted OR of 7.53 (95% CI 7.15\u20137.93) for those exposed to 6+ of these medicines).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a need for a regular systematic assessment of the harm\u2010benefit ratio of medicines, harvesting the information in large healthcare databases and combining it with causality assessment of individual case histories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T04:04:56Z","timestamp":1692763496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adverse drug reactions and hospital admissions: Large case\u2010control study of patients aged 65\u2013100\u2009years using linked English primary care and hospital data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjeerd Pieter","family":"van Staa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics &amp; Health Data Research UK North, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7534-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munir","family":"Pirmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB) University of Liverpool Block A: Waterhouse Building  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chadderton South Health Centre  Chadderton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren M.","family":"Ashcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010015\u20100322\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Medication without harm. 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