{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:46:06Z","timestamp":1790423166475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reducing initial exposure of \u201copioid na\u00efve\u201d patients to opioids is a public health priority. Identifying opioid na\u00efve patients is difficult, as numerous definitions are used. The objective is to summarize current definitions and evaluate their impact on opioid na\u00efve measures in Alberta.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An exploratory data analysis of the literature was conducted over the last 10\u2009years to identify definitions commonly used in the literature to define opioid na\u00efve. Then, using these definitions as a guide, we descriptively report the proportion of patients in Alberta between 2017 and 2021 who would be considered as opioid na\u00efve using these definitions and all opioid dispensing data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three categories of definitions were broadly identified: (1) no opioid use within the previous 30\u2009days\/6\u2009months\/1\u2009year, based on dispensation date; (2) no opioid use based on dispensation date plus days of supply; and, (3) exclusion of codeine from Definitions 1 and 2. Applying these definitions to the Alberta population showed a very wide range in the proportion who would be considered as opioid na\u00efve. Overall, 36.4% of Albertans (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091\u2009551\u2009075) had an opioid dispensation in 2017\u20132021. The average age was 46.6\u2009\u00b1\u200918.8 and 52.8% were female. The proportion of opioid na\u00efve were most affected by the \u201copioid free\u201d period, with 97.4%, 83.2%, and 65.6% being classified as opioid na\u00efve using time windows from Definition 1 (30\u2009days, 6\u2009months, 1\u2009year of no prior opioid use). Definitions 2 and 3 did not materially change the results. Further extending the \u201copioid free\u201d period to 2\u2009years showed only 35% were opioid na\u00efve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most convenient definition for \u201copioid na\u00efve\u201d was the use of an \u201copioid free\u201d period. The choice of window would depend on how the information may be used to assistant in clinical decisions with longer windows more likely to reflect true opioid na\u00efve patients. Irrespective of definition used, a large proportion of opioid users would be considered opioid na\u00efve in Alberta.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T04:31:33Z","timestamp":1694147493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Defining opioid na\u00efve and implications for monitoring opioid use: A population\u2010based study in Alberta, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Cerina","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Jess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fizza","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Samanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OKAKI Health Intelligence Inc.  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