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We defined beta\u2010blocker use according to exposure before surgery as current (\u226490\u2009days), recent (91\u2013365\u2009days), or former (366\u2013730\u2009days) use, requiring at least one filled prescription. Patients were followed from the date of surgery for up to 5\u2009years. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of deaths with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, year of diagnosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, alcohol, and smoking. We also conducted an active comparator analysis, where we used angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin\u2010receptor blockers as comparators instead of nonusers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 2592 patients, of which 16.7% were beta\u2010blocker users. Median survival for the entire population was 24.4\u2009months. Beta\u2010blocker use was associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.34). This was evident in current (adjusted HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.38) and recent (adjusted HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.59) but not former (adjusted HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.64\u20131.43) users. In the active comparator analysis, the association between beta\u2010blocker exposure and mortality attenuated slightly (adjusted HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.93\u20131.35).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed an association between beta\u2010blocker use and increased mortality in patients operated for pancreatic cancer. Findings are likely explained by confounding by indication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T06:34:15Z","timestamp":1699598055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Beta\u2010blocker use and survival after pancreatic cancer surgery: A nationwide population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Kirkeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, HPB Section Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Cronin\u2010Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of 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