{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:07:18Z","timestamp":1775200038930,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the prescribing trends of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonists (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs) among children with gastroesophageal reflux in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010based retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink that included all children aged \u226418\u2009years with a first ever diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux between 1998 and 2019. Using negative binomial regression, we estimated crude and adjusted annual prescription rates per 1000 person\u2010years and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PPIs and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs. We also assessed rate ratios of PPIs and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs prescription rates to examine changes in prescribing over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our cohort included 177\u2009477 children with a first ever diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux during the study period. The median age was 13\u2009years (IQR: 1, 17) among children prescribed PPIs and 0.2\u2009years (IQR: 0.1, 0.6) among those prescribed H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs. The total prescription rate of all GERD drugs was 1468 prescriptions per 1000 person\u2010years (PYs) (95% CI 1463\u20131472). Overall, PPIs had a higher prescription rate (815 per 1000 PYs, 95% CI 812\u2013818) than H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs (653 per 1000 PYs 95% CI 650\u2013655). Sex\u2010 and age\u2010adjusted rate ratios of 2019 versus 1998 demonstrated a 10% increase and a 76% decrease in the prescription rates of PPIs and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescription rates for PPIs increased, especially during the first half of the study period, while prescription rates for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RA decreased over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T04:59:31Z","timestamp":1706590771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prescribing trends of proton pump inhibitors and histamine blockers among children in the United Kingdom (1998\u20132019): A population\u2010based assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3949-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem","family":"Masarwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Reynier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste\u2010Justine University of Montreal  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5981-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A. C.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6055-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian B.","family":"Filion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population\u2010based prospective study","volume":"221","author":"Iacono G","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272\u2010013\u20100012\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200100002-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31823890b4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31812e0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Changes in prescription patterns of acid\u2010suppressant medications by Belgian pediatricians: analysis of the national database [1997\u20102009]","volume":"58","author":"De Bruyne P","year":"2014","journal-title":"JPGN"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.5.686.32205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X483562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2014.04.030"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"516","article-title":"Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition","volume":"66","author":"Rosen R","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPGN"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181b7f563"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.Gastro\u2010oesophageal Reflux Disease in Children and Young People: Diagnosis and Management; 2020. 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