{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:15:37Z","timestamp":1788318937867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HD088279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HD088279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concomitant use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), hormonal contraception, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) for tuberculosis prevention is common among women of reproductive age who are living with HIV in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. We estimated the effect of isoniazid on 6\u2010month pregnancy risk among Malawian women living with HIV in the Family Planning and Antiretroviral Therapy (FP\u2010ART) prospective cohort study, overall and among subgroups defined by ART regimen type and hormonal contraceptive method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analytic sample included visits contributed by participants who were currently using either efavirenz\u2010 or dolutegravir\u2010based ART and either depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant contraception at the time of the visit. The exposure was self\u2010reported, current isoniazid use (yes\/no). The binary outcome measure, 6\u2010month pregnancy, was defined as an estimated conception date 1\u2013183\u2009days after the study visit date. We used a marginal structural linear risk regression model with inverse probability of treatment weights, multiple imputation by chained equations, and bootstrapping to estimate risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analytic sample included 4709 study visits occurring between September 2017 and June 2021. The weighted 6\u2010month pregnancy risk among isoniazid use visits was 3.0% compared with 2.3% among non\u2010use visits (RD 0.7%, 95% CI: \u22120.7%, 2.1%), and the results were qualitatively similar for all subgroup estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not find a clinically significant effect of isoniazid use on 6\u2010month pregnancy incidence among women concomitantly using ART and either DMPA or LNG implant contraception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T19:25:11Z","timestamp":1738178711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention on Pregnancy Risk Among Women Living With\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    on Antiretroviral Treatment and Progestin\u2010Based Hormonal Contraception"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Diepstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Westreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agatha","family":"Bula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Lemani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe 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