{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:16:23Z","timestamp":1763644583444,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009210","name":"Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75F40119D10037","HHSF223201400030I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75F40119D10037","HHSF223201400030I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women are at high risk for developing severe illness related to COVID\u201019. We adapted the \u201cCOVID\u201019 infectiOn aNd medicineS In pregnancy\u201d (CONSIGN) study protocol as part of an international collaboration to examine medication use patterns among pregnancies in the US.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified eligible women aged 12\u201355\u2009years with documented live\u2010birth deliveries in the Sentinel Distributed Database who had at least one qualifying diagnosis for COVID\u201019 or a positive\u2010confirmed test for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, by trimester of COVID\u201019 infection. We conducted two sets of analyses comparing medication groups and COVID\u201019 treatment utilization in the 30\u2009days prior to or after COVID\u201019 among pregnancies with COVID\u201019 to: (1) pregnancies without COVID\u201019 during 6\u2009months prior to or during pregnancy; and (2) non\u2010pregnancy episodes with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2020 to 2022, we identified 52\u2009355 pregnancies with COVID\u201019 matched to 52\u2009355 pregnancies without COVID\u201019 (assigned same matched COVID\u201019 date), and 40\u2009518 matched non\u2010pregnancy episodes with COVID\u201019. Outpatient medication use in the 30\u2009days prior to or after the COVID\u201019 date (or matched date) was quite low (&lt;\u200915%) among pregnancies with and without COVID\u201019. Non\u2010pregnancy episodes with COVID\u201019 had higher use of all medication groups in 30\u2009days prior to COVID\u201019. However, in the 30\u2009days post\u2010COVID\u201019, anti\u2010bacterials, anti\u2010inflammatories such as NSAIDs, and analgesics were more common, and COVID\u201019\u2010specific medications were less frequently used (&lt;\u20091%) among pregnancies with COVID\u201019. Assessing COVID\u201019 severity, more pregnancies had a non\u2010severe COVID\u201019 diagnosis than non\u2010pregnancy episodes with COVID\u201019 (87.2% vs. 79.9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective evaluation, selected medication utilization was higher post\u2010COVID\u201019 among pregnancies with COVID\u201019, compared to those without COVID\u201019 and to non\u2010pregnancy episodes with COVID\u201019. However, the low use of COVID\u201019\u2010specific medications underscores the need for a safety evaluation of therapies used for COVID\u201019 management in the pregnant population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T16:33:08Z","timestamp":1743265988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics and Medication Use Patterns of Pregnancies With <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Ending in Live\u2010Birth in the Sentinel System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Mayura","family":"Shinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Kempner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolene","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Messenger\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danijela","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedict H. W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyla","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"The Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Reliant Medical Group, and Fallon Health  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sengwee","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cCOVID\u201019 Vaccination for Women Who are Pregnant or BreastFeeding September 10 2024 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/vaccines\/pregnant\u2010or\u2010breastfeeding.html#cdc_vaccine_basics_who\u2010safety\u2010and\u2010effectiveness\u2010of\u2010covid\u201019\u2010vaccination\u2010during\u2010pregnancy."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6944e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6925a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2021.100027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0330"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.17135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010024\u201003639\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health \u201cPregnancy Lactation and COVID\u201019 Therapeutics \u201dhttps:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/special\u2010populations\/pregnancy\/pregnancy\u2010lactation\u2010and\u2010covid\u201019\u2010therapeutics\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"\u201cMaster Protocol Development: COVID\u201019 Natural History. 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