{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:44:31Z","timestamp":1787755471112,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the increase in attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses and stimulant medication use among female adults, this study describes the prevalence trends of perinatal ADHD stimulant medication use in British Columbia, Canada, along with characteristics and patterns of use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using linked population\u2010based administrative data, we included all pregnant people with deliveries between January 2000 and December 2021. ADHD stimulant medication use was defined as filled prescriptions for dextro\u2212\/amphetamine, methylphenidate, or lisdexamfetamine. Prevalence trends were examined by medication type and age group. Characteristics were compared between those with and without prenatal stimulant medication dispensations. Patterns of use and discontinuation were assessed from 1\u2009year preconception to 1\u2009year postpartum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our cohort included 899,679 pregnancies. Prenatal ADHD stimulant medication use increased by 3.9 users per 1000 pregnancies (from 0.4 to 4.3\/1000), primarily driven by dextro\u2212\/amphetamine. Medication use increased among all age groups, but was highest among pregnant people under 20\u2009years old. Pregnant people taking stimulant medications were more likely to be nulliparous and lower in income, have hypertension and higher BMI, smoke during pregnancy, use other psychotropic medications, and deliver by cesarean section. Among those who used stimulant medications within 1\u2009year preconception, 77% discontinued treatment before or during pregnancy. While use increased again within 12\u2009months postpartum, it remained 45% lower than preconception levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 11\u2010fold increase in ADHD stimulant medication use during pregnancy and the high rate of discontinuation highlight the need for more research on the risks and benefits of medication for parent and child health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T05:01:22Z","timestamp":1742792482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence Trends and Patterns of Perinatal <scp>ADHD<\/scp> Stimulant Medication Use in British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Salmanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramdeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Abreu","family":"do Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Elwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; 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Health Centre  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Women's Health Research Institute  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Sunny Hill Health Centre BC Children's Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalisa L.","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim F.","family":"Oberlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Sunny Hill Health Centre BC Children's Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian E.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; 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