{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:01:54Z","timestamp":1791234114817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Valproate\u2010containing medicines (VPA) are first\u2010line treatments for epilepsy; however, they pose teratogenic risks, restricting their use in women of childbearing age. We aimed to estimate the secular trends in the use of VPA and alternative treatments in young women, and to characterise dose\/strength, treatment duration, and indication in new VPA users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multi\u2010national population\u2010based cohort study using primary care records from the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK (IPCI, SIDIAP, CPRD GOLD), primary and outpatient specialist care records from Germany and Belgium (IQVIA DA Germany, IQVIA LPD Belgium), and hospital records from Finland (ACI VARHA), all mapped to the OMOP Common data model. All women present in the databases aged \u2265\u200912 and\u2009\u2264\u200955\u2009years on the 1st of January of each year in the period 2010\u20132022 (or latest available), with at least 365\u2009days of prior observation, were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2\u2009948\u2009860 (CPRD GOLD), 718\u2009835 (IPCI), 2\u2009494\u2009052 (SIDIAP), 157\u2009361 (ACI VARHA), 218\u2009250 (IQVIA LPD Belgium); and 5\u2009152\u2009752 (IQVIA DA Germany) women were included. Among those, 6416, 1241, 10\u2009398, 1447, 945, and 4002 started treatments with VPA, respectively. Incidence and prevalence of VPA use in young women decreased between 2010 and 2021, while the prevalence of the alternative treatments pregabalin and gabapentin increased, especially in CPRD (it rises from 0.5% to 1.5%). Median age of new VPA users ranged between 40 and 43\u2009years. Anxiety and depressive disorder were frequent comorbidities, and the use of hormonal contraceptives we were able to capture was low. Average treatment duration varied substantially across databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidences and prevalence of use of VPA among young women declined since 2015. Conversely, alternative antiepileptics have increased in uptake, particularly gabapentinoids. The use of standardized federated analytics allowed for a rapid assessment of VPA utilization, supporting the regulatory agencies in their decision\u2010making and improving patient safety across Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:10:34Z","timestamp":1760609434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Secular Trends in the Use of Valproate\u2010Containing Medicines in Women of Childbearing Age in Europe: A Multinational\n                    <scp>DARWIN EU<\/scp>\n                    Network Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8255-9841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Bellas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Catal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Verhamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egil","family":"Fridgeirsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talita","family":"Duarte\u2010Salles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommi","family":"Kauko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auria Clinical Informatics ACI VARHA Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Kronqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auria Clinical Informatics ACI VARHA Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Brash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, Real World Solutions  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Seager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, Real World Solutions  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Prieto\u2010Alhambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika M.","family":"J\u00f6dicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Prats\u2010Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology\u2010 and Device Group NDORMS, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency 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(Belvo Convulex Depakote Dyzantil Epilim Epilim Chrono or Chronosphere Episenta Epival and Syonell): New Safety and Educational Materials to Support Regulatory Measures in Men and Women Under 55\u2009Years of Age \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/drug\u2010safety\u2010update\/valproate\u2010belvo\u2010convulex\u2010depakote\u2010dyzantil\u2010epilim\u2010epilim\u2010chrono\u2010or\u2010chronosphere\u2010episenta\u2010epival\u2010and\u2010syonellv\u2010new\u2010safety\u2010and\u2010educational\u2010materials\u2010to\u2010support\u2010regulatory\u2010measures\u2010in\u2010men\u2010and\u2010women\u2010under\u201055\u2010years\u2010of\u2010age."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency \u201cValproate and the Risk of Abnormal Pregnancy Outcomes: New Communication Materials \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/drug\u2010safety\u2010update\/valproate\u2010and\u2010of\u2010risk\u2010of\u2010abnormal\u2010pregnancy\u2010outcomes\u2010new\u2010communication\u2010materials."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.q122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.14709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac06"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S419481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"M.Catala M.Haller D.Sinclair et\u00a0al. \u201cDrugUtilisation: Summarise Patient\u2010Level Drug Utilisation in Data Mapped to the OMOP Common Data Model 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