{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:43:18Z","timestamp":1772455398315,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 HL143109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 HL143109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HG012824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HG012824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 GM115318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 GM115318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Considering the non\u2010specific nature of muscle symptoms, studies of statin\u2010induced myopathy (SIM) in electronic health records require accurate algorithms that can reliably identify true statin\u2010causing cases. Prior algorithms were constructed in study populations that preclude broad applicability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Using only structured data elements of electronic health records, we developed a two\u2010step algorithm to identify true SIM cases. Step 1 excluded potential cases that were linked to secondary (non\u2010statin) causes. Step 2 required evidence of statin discontinuation to deem remaining potential cases as true. To validate our algorithm, we first randomly chose a subset of statin users with potential SIM. From this subset, we then identified true SIM cases using two different methods: (1) our algorithm and (2) manual chart review. Algorithm performance was assessed by comparing the algorithm\u2010derived SIM cases to those from manual chart review, which was considered the gold standard. Metrics of algorithm performance included sensitivity and specificity. We then applied this algorithm to identify predictors of SIM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Our algorithm had 76% sensitivity, 77% specificity, and 48% positive predictive value for detecting gold standard cases. Applying our algorithm, we identified 1257 algorithm\u2010derived SIM cases from 5430 potential cases. Pravastatin use was associated with a 2.18 odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39\u20133.40,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0007) for SIM compared to lovastatin use after adjusting for prespecified factors. Hypothyroidism had the most dramatic increase in risk (odds ratio 15.65, 95% CI 9.12\u201326.83,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We have produced an efficient, easy\u2010to\u2010apply methodological tool that can improve the quality of future research on SIM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:35:13Z","timestamp":1761183313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Application of an Algorithm for Statin\u2010Induced Myopathy Based on Electronic Health Record\u2010Derived Structured Elements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5897-5543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinyemi","family":"Oni\u2010Orisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Kaiser Permanente Santa Rosa California USA"},{"name":"Sutter Medical Group of the Redwoods, Santa Rosa California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco Oakland California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Iribarren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3631-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa W.","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(05)67394\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1315665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211798220891"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2014.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl\u20102011\u2010000465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/tpp\/11\u2010148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010017\u20100689\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067\u2010016\u20103242\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835f5c29"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"15","author":"Torres P. 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