{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T08:56:03Z","timestamp":1763715363174,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacists often identify symptoms during medication reviews that may or may not be adverse medicine events (AMEs), but these have not yet been quantified. This study aimed to quantify the extent of these symptoms representing AMEs by comparing them with a known set of AMEs and symptoms listed in existing medicine\u2010related symptom assessment tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A secondary analysis of data from the Reducing Medicine\u2010Induced Deterioration and Adverse Reactions (ReMInDAR) trial was conducted. Adverse events or symptoms were extracted from pharmacists' progress notes, and their frequency and Medicine Likeliness Ratio (probability of being medicine\u2010related) were determined. Pharmacist\u2010recorded adverse events were compared to a subset of AMEs identified by a clinical panel, and agreement was assessed using Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Pharmacist\u2010recorded adverse events or symptoms were also compared with those in the PHArmacotherapeutical Symptom Evaluation\u201020 questions (PHASE\u201020), and the Patient Reported Outcome Measure, Inquiry into Side Effects (PROMISE).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pharmacists recorded 3.1 symptoms per person; 68.8% of the symptoms had a medicine\u2010likeness ratio\u2009\u2265\u200940.0%. The most prevalent medicine\u2010related events recorded by pharmacists included falls (13.6%), swelling (7.1%), constipation (5.4%), nocturia (4.2%), shortness of breath (4.0%), bleeding (4.0%), nausea and vomiting (3.1%), dizziness (2.8%), drowsiness (2.3%), and rash (2.0%). Of the subset of 273 AMEs identified by the panel, 14.7% corresponded to adverse events recorded by pharmacists. The agreement between pharmacist\u2010recorded and panel\u2010identified AMEs was significant but low (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.074,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). The majority of frequently detected medicine\u2010related symptoms were in PROMISE (56.4% of recorded AMEs) and PHASE\u201020 (81.3% of recorded AMEs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While pharmacists recorded a notable number and variety of adverse events or symptoms, underreporting and discrepancies were still observed. As items in the PHASE\u201020 aligned with most recorded events, further research is warranted to determine if it can help\u00a0pharmacists in improving the detection and monitoring of AMEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacists often notice symptoms during medication reviews that may or may not be caused by the medicines. This study aimed to measure how often the symptoms reported by pharmacists were side effects of the medicines in use. We looked at data from a previous trial in aged care homes and reviewed the notes pharmacists wrote about possible symptoms or side effects. We then compared these to a list of known medicine\u2010related problems identified by medical experts. On average, pharmacists recorded about three symptoms per person, and more than two\u2010thirds of these were likely to be related to medicines. The most common side effects or symptoms included falling, swelling, difficulty passing stools, needing to urinate at night, feeling short of breath, bleeding, feeling nausea or vomiting, feeling dizzy, feeling sleepy, and skin rashes. However, only a small number of the problems recorded by pharmacists matched the expert\u2010reviewed list. Most of the symptoms reported by pharmacists were also included in PHASE\u201020\u00a0symptom checklists, which is designed to help identify medicine\u2010related symptoms. This suggests that this tool might support pharmacists to detect and track medicine\u2010related problems. Further research is needed to explore how best to use this tool in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:29:15Z","timestamp":1762496955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Adverse Medicine Events by Pharmacists in Residential Aged Care Facilities: Secondary Analysis of Data From\n                    <scp>ReMInDAR<\/scp>\n                    Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abebe Basazn","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renly","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre Q.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Rowett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Roughead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-9-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01634-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12596"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7456.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622311421438"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61091-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2007.00793.x"},{"volume-title":"Medication Without Harm: WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge","year":"2017","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11532350-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1237-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14851"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09512-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.12.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.5.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14824"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","article-title":"Interventions to Optimise Prescribing for Older People in Care Homes","volume":"2","author":"Alldred D. 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