{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:14:44Z","timestamp":1790712884679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013120","name":"European Medicines Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMA\/2018\/28\/PE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMA\/2018\/28\/PE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To estimate the prevalence of medication use in nonhospitalized pregnant women with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A prospective two\u2010stage individual patient meta\u2010analysis across 10 data sources in Europe and North America studied medication use among nonhospitalized pregnant women with COVID\u201019 between January 2020 and December 2022. Comparisons were made between medication use within 30\u2009days pre\u2010 and post\u2010COVID\u201019 diagnosis in this cohort and two comparator groups: pregnant women without COVID\u201019 and nonpregnant women with COVID\u201019. Prevalence estimates were pooled using a random\u2010effects model stratified by trimester.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 50\u2009335 nonhospitalized pregnant women with COVID\u201019 were identified. The pooled prevalence of antibacterial use in the third trimester was higher post\u2010COVID\u201019 diagnosis (6.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20095.5\u20138.4,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200994%) compared with the same women pre\u2010COVID\u201019 (3.9%, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.1\u20134.9,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200989%). Overall, pregnant women with COVID\u201019 had higher medication use compared to pregnant women without COVID\u201019, although the CIs of the prevalence overlapped. Post\u2010COVID\u201019, antithrombotic prevalence was 4.5% (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.1\u201316.5,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u2009100%) among pregnant women with COVID\u201019 in the third trimester, compared to 2.1% (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.2\u20133.6,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200999%) among those without COVID\u201019 in the third trimester. Compared to nonpregnant women with COVID\u201019, pregnant women with COVID\u201019 were less likely to be prescribed analgesics, antiprotozoals, corticosteroids, psychoanaleptics and psycholeptics, and more likely to be prescribed antithrombotics, cough and cold and nasal preparations, and drugs used in diabetes across all trimesters. High heterogeneity existed in nearly all analyses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This international meta\u2010analysis reveals low medication use and country\u2010specific variations, enhancing insight into the management of COVID\u201019 in nonhospitalized pregnant women. Higher antithrombotic use post\u2010COVID\u201019 suggests prophylactic treatment in this population, but variation between countries emphasizes the challenges of combining multinational data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T06:20:17Z","timestamp":1766730017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medications Used Among Nonhospitalized Pregnant Women With\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019: A Prospective Individual Patient Data Meta\u2010Analysis in Europe and North America"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6295-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odette","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Division of Woman and Baby, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emeline","family":"Maisonneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS) University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Materno\u2010Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Woman\u2010Mother\u2010Child Department Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6776-1224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eimir","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo (UiO) Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6361-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hedvig M. E.","family":"Nordeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo (UiO) Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Child Health and Development Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7535-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anick","family":"B\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Sainte\u2010Justine Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odile","family":"Sheehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire 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