{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:02:45Z","timestamp":1784520165081,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001075","name":"Channel 7 Children's Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRF\u2010210323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRF\u2010210323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To (a) examine longitudinal trends in prescribing of first\u2010 and second\u2010line non\u2010insulin pharmacotherapies (NIPs) among reproductive\u2010aged women in Australia between 2013 and 2021 and (b) explore concurrent use of highly effective long\u2010acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), as well as other hormonal contraceptives, at the time of first dispensing of NIP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a 10% random sample of Australian women aged 18\u201344\u2009years from dispensing claims from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), the annual prescription of at least one NIP was reported as a rate per 1000 women. Concurrent LARC use was identified where the date of contraceptive supply plus the likely duration of efficacy overlapped with the first dispensing date of NIP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall rate of NIP use has increased from 14.40 to 23.15\/1000 women between 2013 and 2021, with increases observed in the rate of women prescribed the first\u2010line agent metformin alone (11.94\u201318.41\/1000), metformin and a second\u2010line NIP (2.17\u20133.88\/1000), and second\u2010line NIP alone (0.29\u20130.85\/1000). When compared with initiating treatment with metformin, the proportion of women considered concurrent LARC users or any contraceptive method was modestly higher for those commencing treatment with a second\u2010line NIP (17.0% vs. 12.7% [aOR, 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17] and 26.7% vs. 20.5% [aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.19], respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is increasing use of NIP amongst reproductive\u2010aged women in Australia, with rates of use of second\u2010line NIPs almost doubling between 2013 and 2021. While concurrent use of LARC appears higher among those prescribed second\u2010line NIP, compared with metformin, rates of LARC use still appear low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T01:36:53Z","timestamp":1768527413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Trends in Non\u2010Insulin Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Australian Women of Reproductive Age: Implications for Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Farah","family":"Hashmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten I.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianne","family":"Sweeting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0171-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0348-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni","family":"Ilomaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke E.","family":"Grzeskowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Diabetes: Australian Facts accessed October 19 2025 https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/diabetes\/diabetes\u2010australian\u2010facts\/contents\/summary."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Diabetes in Pregnancy 2014\u20132015 Bulletin no. 146. 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Practice Bulletin 201 (ACOG 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1616-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp2541546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics National State and Territory Population; Reference Period: June 2022 accessed May 30 2023 https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/national\u2010stateand\u2010territory\u2010population\/jun\u20102022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1215356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.6663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0227-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.70026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.11.1267"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.70320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pds.70320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.70320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T03:24:40Z","timestamp":1784517880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.70320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.70320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.70320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70320"}}