{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:25:33Z","timestamp":1791221133216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The extraordinary circumstances due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic and related restrictions altered the management of mental health disorders, including the use of antipsychotics. We aimed to examine the changes in antipsychotic utilization and expenditure in Turkey throughout pandemic\u2010associated restriction periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationwide drug sales and projected prescribing data from 01.03.2018 to 31.12.2022 were obtained from IQVIA Turkey. We assessed average monthly consumption, expenditure, and quarterly prescribing levels across three periods: \u201cbefore restrictions\u201d (BfR, 01.03.2018\u201331.03.2020), \u201cduring restrictions\u201d (DuR, 01.04.2020\u201331.03.2022), and \u201cafter restrictions\u201d (AfR, 01.04.2022\u201331.12.2022). Consumption and prescribing levels were measured using \u201cdefined daily dose\/1000 inhabitants\/day\u201d (DID) parameter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antipsychotic consumption throughout periods increased from 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 DID in BfR to 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 DID in DuR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and to 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 DID in AfR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 vs. BfR). Atypical antipsychotics followed the overall trend, whereas typical antipsychotics remained stable from DuR to AfR, deviating from this pattern. Antipsychotic expenditure rose from \u20ac16.7\u2009m\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009m in BfR to \u20ac19.0\u2009m\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u2009m in DuR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), then shifted to \u20ac18.3\u2009m\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009m in AfR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05 vs. BfR and DuR). High\u2010cost antipsychotic use increased after the pandemic onset (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and remained elevated in AfR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Prescribing for schizophrenia declined from 2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 DID in BfR to 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 DID in DuR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), then escalated to 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 DID in AfR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015 vs. DuR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study revealed an upsurge in antipsychotic utilization in Turkey with the start of the pandemic. A range of factors may have contributed, notably the impact of policies facilitating the dispensing of chronic medications without prescription or a tendency towards polypharmacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:51:03Z","timestamp":1769687463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Restrictions on Nationwide Antipsychotic Use: Results From the Trends in Drug Utilization During\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Pandemic in Turkey (\n                    <scp>PANDUTI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>TR<\/scp>\n                    ) Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9558-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caner","family":"Vizdiklar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine Marmara University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8511-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkan","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences\/Pharmacology, School of Dentistry Marmara University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Marmara University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1478-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Antalya Research and Training Hospital  Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Akici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine Marmara University  Istanbul 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