{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:09:38Z","timestamp":1778742578349,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017762","name":"International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify and synthesize published algorithms for identifying the initiation of a new line of therapy (LOT) for metastatic lung, breast, and colorectal cancer in real\u2010world data (RWD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a scoping review of published, English\u2010language studies describing algorithms for identifying\n                      <jats:italic>any LOTs<\/jats:italic>\n                      with systemic anti\u2010cancer therapy (SACT) for either non\u2010metastatic or metastatic lung, breast, or colorectal cancer in RWD between January 1, 2014, and April 29, 2024. Dual reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full\u2010text articles, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted, categorized, synthesized, and summarized in narrative and tabular formats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The review identified 25 studies, mainly (64%) from the United States. Electronic health\/medical records (EHRs) were the most frequently utilized (72%) RWD source. Twenty\u2010four studies (96%) described RWD algorithms for identifying the\n                      <jats:italic>initiation of a new LOT for metastatic<\/jats:italic>\n                      lung, breast, or colorectal cancer. In 23 studies, algorithms required observing a new, adjuvant, SACT after an \u201cincident\u201d metastatic diagnosis code, which had been preceded by a metastasis\u2010free lookback period of varied duration. Three studies' algorithms required observation of the completion of non\u2010metastatic LOTs before initiation of a new LOT for metastatic cancer. Three studies validated their algorithms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different algorithms are being used to identify LOT initiation for metastatic cancer. Most algorithms require an incident diagnosis of metastasis before considering subsequent SACT as newly initiated LOT for metastatic cancer. However, definitions of metastasis onset and gap duration to therapy initiation vary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:53:41Z","timestamp":1777355621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying the Initiation of a New Line of Therapy for Metastatic Lung, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer in Real\u2010World Data: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwadamilola","family":"Onasanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carelon Research  Wilmington Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hamidreza","family":"Mahmoudpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Healthcare KGaA  Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1221-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science (PETS), Rutgers University  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene M.","family":"Shui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co. 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