{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:10:02Z","timestamp":1778742602314,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preclinical evidence suggests beta blockers may reduce cartilage degradation and delay knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. While beta blockers are widely used in patients with hypertension, their potential role in preventing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the association between beta blocker use and TKA in knee OA patients with hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nested case\u2013control study using a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed knee OA and prevalent hypertension from 2011 to 2020. Beneficiaries who underwent TKA were defined as cases, while those without TKA were defined as controls. Cases and controls were matched at a 1:4 ratio based on pre\u2010specified criteria using incident density sampling. We measured binary (exposed\/unexposed) and cumulative exposure of beta blockers during 6\u2009months before TKA using total standardized daily doses (TSDD) for each patient, categorized as unexposed (0), &lt;\u20091\u2013200, 201\u2013400, 401\u2013600, 601\u2013900, &gt;\u2009900. Confounding was addressed using propensity score adjustment and stratification for the binary exposure and direct covariate adjustment for cumulative exposure in conditional logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 30\u2009338 beneficiaries with TKA and 106\u2009145 matched controls. The mean age (SD) was 74.4 (5.5) years, and 67.1% were women in both groups. There was no significant association between beta blocker use and odds of TKA (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97\u20131.02) compared with unexposed individuals. Smilarly, no cumulative exposure category was associated with TKA risk (TSDD: &lt;\u20091\u2013200 [aOR, 1.01; 95% CI,0.97\u20131.04]; TSDD: 201\u2013400 [aOR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96\u20131.05]; TSDD: 401\u2013600 [aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96\u20131.08]; TSDD: 601\u2013900 [aOR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87\u20131.00]; and, TSDD: &gt;\u2009900 [aOR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91\u20131.08]), compared with the unexposed group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found no evidence to support that beta blocker exposure reduces the likelihood of TKA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:29:47Z","timestamp":1778030987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beta Blocker Use and Total Knee Arthroplasty Among United States Medicare Beneficiaries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shailina","family":"Keshwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3299-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haesuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Hsuan","family":"Lo\u2010Ciganic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"North Florida\/South Georgia Veterans Health System; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7699-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger B.","family":"Fillingim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0201-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.07.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u201015\u201076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010012\u20102489\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212785"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001882"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"The Role of Cytokines in Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology","volume":"39","author":"Fernandes J. 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