{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:51:45Z","timestamp":1781589105332,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer advantages over warfarin; however, concerns exist regarding their association with acute interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). This study investigated the risk of acute\u2010onset ILDs associated with DOAC use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010crossover study to assess the risk of hospitalization for acute\u2010onset ILDs following DOAC initiation using the JMDC database, a Japanese administrative claims database. Patients aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years hospitalized for acute\u2010onset ILDs (April 2011\u2013February 2023) were included. DOAC exposure was defined as \u2265\u200914\u2009days within predefined 30\u2010day windows: 1\u201330\u2009days before admission (exposure period) and 60\u201390 and 120\u2013150\u2009days before admission (reference periods). The primary outcome was hospitalizations for acute\u2010onset ILD, identified using a validated algorithm. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs). Sensitivity analyses included a bidirectional case\u2010crossover design, a case\u2010crossover analysis with warfarin as an active comparator, weighted case\u2010crossover analysis, and a case\u2013case\u2010time\u2010control design. A descriptive cohort analysis of new DOAC and warfarin users examined ILD frequency and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main case\u2010crossover analysis included 178 patients, showing an association between DOAC use and acute\u2010onset ILDs (adjusted OR, 4.44 [95% CI, 1.58\u201312.5]). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated a consistent direction of association (adjusted ORs: 3.37\u20136.85). In descriptive cohort analysis (52\u2009021 DOAC and 12\u2009026 warfarin initiators), ILD incidence was low (0.24% vs. 0.20%), but 90\u2010day mortality was higher in the DOAC group (21% vs. 0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DOAC use was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for acute\u2010onset ILDs. Clinicians should monitor patients on DOACs for ILD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T07:02:58Z","timestamp":1779519778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct Oral Anticoagulant Consumption and the Risk of Acute Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Case\u2010Crossover Study Using Japanese Administrative Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Anan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Management Section Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  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