{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:02:54Z","timestamp":1789948974534,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N013638\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N013638\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015652","name":"Barts Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MGU0504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MGU0504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["225868\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["225868\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether antihypertensive medications modify the risk of heat\u2010related illness during heatwaves among adults with hypertension in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified adults with hypertension in Tsukuba City administrative claims data between April 2014 and March 2019. Average daily temperature was derived from Japan Meteorological Agency data. We used a self\u2010controlled case series (SCCS) design to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for heat\u2010related illness during 5\u2010day pre\u2010heatwave, heatwave and 5\u2010day post\u2010heatwave periods compared to baseline within individuals. The main analysis was stratified by person\u2010time prescribed antihypertensives (angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors\/angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs], calcium channel blockers [CCBs] or non\u2010loop diuretics) and person\u2010time not prescribed antihypertensives, with drug\u2010temperature interaction assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each antihypertensive class. All models were adjusted for age and season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed a greater increase in the rate of heat\u2010related illness during heatwaves versus baseline among person\u2010time prescribed antihypertensives (IRR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.53\u20131.75) than among person\u2010time not prescribed antihypertensives (IRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.27\u20131.58), with evidence of drug\u2010temperature interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). When examining individual drug classes, ACE inhibitors\/ARBs and CCBs were associated with an increased risk of heat\u2010related illness during heatwaves, whereas there was no evidence of an effect with diuretics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that people taking antihypertensives are more vulnerable to heat\u2010related illnesses during heatwaves. More research is required to explore whether this is a causal effect of the medication or due to differences between those who are treated and untreated with antihypertensives that are related to the outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:54:35Z","timestamp":1788908075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antihypertensive Medications and Risk of Heat\u2010Related Illness During Heatwaves: Self\u2010Controlled Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9065-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Harley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Digital Health, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Iwagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Digital Health, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Digital Society Division, Center for Cyber Medicine Research University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitose","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Health, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Rentsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohini","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Nitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Hamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health Research National Institute of Mental Health  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center 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