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LLMs can perform natural language processing functions such as summarization, translation, and extraction giving them the potential to enhance and scale pharmacoepidemiological and real\u2010world research by performing tasks such as literature review, data extraction, and medical writing. Despite the growing integration of GenAI tools into research workflows, their technical foundations and methodological implications remain unfamiliar to many pharmacoepidemiologists, who are often responsible for the reliability and accuracy of research that relies on these tools. This paper aims to inform pharmacoepidemiologists about the capabilities and limitations of LLMs to support responsible integration into the field of pharmacoepidemiology, providing an intuitive overview of how LLMs work, focusing on training and text generation, and reviews current and emerging applications in drug effectiveness and safety research and epidemiology. 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