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However, anthracyclines are known for their cardiotoxicity, which could increase the risk of neurocognitive deficits, raising concerns about neurocognitive safety, particularly in older adults. Limited evidence exists comparing neurocognitive outcomes between these two regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) between ATAX and TAX regimens in neoadjuvant (Trial #1) and adjuvant (Trial #2) settings among older women with early\u2010stage HBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using SEER\u2010Medicare data (2010\u20132021), we identified women aged \u2265\u200966\u2009years with newly diagnosed HBC and no prior neurocognitive conditions between 2011 and 2021. Patients were longitudinally tracked, and their eligibility for each regimen was evaluated. We applied the clone\u2010censor\u2010weight method and used weighted pooled logistic regression to estimate the 10\u2010year risks of ADRD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 14\u2009079 and 9321 eligible individuals in Trial #1 and Trial #2, respectively. For ADRD outcome, the 10\u2010year risk difference (RD) was \u22126.91% (95% CI: \u221215.60% to 0.91%) for HR+\/HER2\u2010 cohort and \u22122.14% (95% CI: \u22129.57% to 5.46%) for TNBC cohort in Trial #1. The 10\u2010year RD was \u22121.42% (95% CI: \u22129.33% to 6.98%) for HR+\/HER2\u2010 cohort and \u22122.91% (95% CI: \u22129.54% to 7.86%) for TNBC cohort in Trial #2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that ATAX regimens were not associated with increased risks of ADRD, AD, and VD compared to TAX regimens in older women with HBC. However, the risks of AD and VD should be interpreted with caution due to sparse events. These findings may support the continued use of ATAX regimens in this population, while also informing more personalized, risk\u2010adapted treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:53:16Z","timestamp":1787979196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dementias in Older Women With Early\u2010Stage\n                    <scp>HER2<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Anthracycline Plus Taxane Versus Taxane\u2010Based Chemotherapy Regimens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes Division College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas 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