{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:45:00Z","timestamp":1791945900238,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The primary aim was to conduct a longitudinal pharmacoepidemiological study on the dispensing patterns of the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in a section of the private healthcare sector in South Africa in the presence of the COVID\u201019 vaccine to document the dispensing of these two respiratory vaccines alongside COVID\u201019 vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A quantitative cross\u2010sectional pharmacoepidemiological study on health insurance data covering 5\u2009years (2017\u20132021) was conducted. The study population consisted of approximately 3.8 million individuals. Profile analysis was used to compare annual dispensing patterns of both vaccines. Ethical approval for the study was obtained.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The annual dispensing patterns of the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines differed significantly for the period 2017\u20132021 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value <\u20090.01), with the influenza vaccine dispensed most frequently from March to June. A similar pattern was observed for both the pre\u2010COVID\u201019 period (2017\u20132019) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value <\u20090.01) and the post\u2010COVID\u201019 period (2020\u20132021) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value <\u20090.01). At the 5% level of significance, there was a slight increase in the dispensing pattern of pneumococcal vaccines post\u2010COVID\u201019, when compared to the dispensing pattern pre\u2010COVID\u201019 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value <\u20090.05). For the period March to June, there was, however, a significant increase in the dispensing pattern of influenza vaccines post\u2010COVID\u201019 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value <\u20090.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The presence of the COVID\u201019 vaccine has collectively not had a significant impact on the dispensing patterns of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. When considering the vaccines separately, however, for the months between March and June, significantly more influenza vaccines were dispensed post\u2010COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:04:48Z","timestamp":1789949088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dispensing Patterns of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines in the Private Healthcare Sector in South Africa for 2017 to 2021: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Truter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilisation Research Unit (DURU), Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Hugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantium Health South Africa Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantium Health India Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Vira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantium Health South Africa Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jmahp.v3.27041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12060582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"UNICEF South Africa \u201cNew Data Indicates 30% Decline in Confidence in Childhood Vaccines in South Africa \u201d2023 accessed June 17 2025 https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/southafrica\/press\u2010releases\/new\u2010data\u2010indicates\u201030\u2010decline\u2010confidence\u2010childhood\u2010vaccines\u2010south\u2010africa."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11050986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Statistical Release P0318","author":"General Household 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