{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:15:53Z","timestamp":1792800953622,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate remains a matter of debate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the long\u2010term cardiovascular risk associated with methylphenidate use, a cohort study was conducted using the French National Health Data System. New users were defined by a first methylphenidate dispensation (index date) between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023. Each new user was matched with three nonusers by sex and by month and year of birth. Individuals with prior cardiovascular disease or relevant cardiovascular comorbidities were excluded. The primary outcome was cardiovascular disease, defined by International Classification of Diseases codes or antihypertensive drug use. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), accounting for demographic and clinical covariates. Negative control outcomes were used to assess residual confounding, allowing the derivation of calibrated HRs and confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 212\u2009216 new users and 636\u2009648 matching nonusers were included. Mean age was 13.7\u2009years and 72% were males. Over a follow\u2010up of ~4\u2009years, 3858 cardiovascular diseases occurred (0.45%): 1960 in new users (9.2 per 1000) and 1898 in nonusers (3 per 1000). The adjusted HR was 2.37 (95% CI [2.21; 2.54]), with a calibrated HR of 1.85 (95% CI [1.55; 2.21]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that methylphenidate use may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although the calibrated estimates indicate attenuation due to residual confounding, the association remained statistically significant. This supports recommendations for cardiovascular monitoring during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T06:50:04Z","timestamp":1791787804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methylphenidate and Long\u2010Term Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christelle","family":"Berthod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center CIC\u20101407, UMR 5558, Inserm Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Loppinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center CIC\u20101407, UMR 5558, Inserm Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"},{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marietou","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center CIC\u20101407, UMR 5558, Inserm Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inesse","family":"Boussaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center CIC\u20101407, UMR 5558, Inserm Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Jacquet\u2010Lagreze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Louis Pradel Cardiology Hospital Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"},{"name":"Lyon Est Faculty of Medicine Claude Bernard University Lyon 1  Lyon France"},{"name":"CarMeN Laboratoire, Inserm UMR 1060 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrouz","family":"Kassa\u00ef\u2010Koupai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center CIC\u20101407, UMR 5558, Inserm Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"},{"name":"Lyon Est Faculty of Medicine Claude Bernard University Lyon 1  Lyon France"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacotoxicology Hospices Civils de Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110212"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903113401007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(25)00062\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263\u2010017\u20100410\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004\u20102560"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"New Agents and Second\u2010Line Therapies for Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"8","author":"Buck M. 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