{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:40:18Z","timestamp":1792456818446,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K021699\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K021699\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022244","name":"National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015250","name":"NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, often treated with erythropoiesis\u2010stimulating agents (ESAs), but the optimal haemoglobin (Hb) target remains uncertain. Using electronic health records, we emulated a target trial comparing different Hb targets in haemodialysis patients to estimate their effects on mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used electronic health records from UK kidney centres reporting to the UK Renal Registry. Adults aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years, receiving haemodialysis for \u2265\u20093\u2009months, and without marked ESA resistance were eligible. Using the clone\u2010censor\u2010weight method, we emulated trials comparing Hb targets: (1) 105\u2013125 versus 95\u2013115\u2009g\/L and (2) 125\u2013145 versus 95\u2013115\u2009g\/L. Darbepoetin dosing followed a standardised protocol with predefined dose adjustments and a maximum dose of 150\u2009\u03bcg\/week. The outcome was all\u2010cause mortality over 8\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 8628 patients from 10 centres between 2004 and 2016; 62% male, median age 66\u2009years (IQR 52\u201376). At baseline, mean Hb was 97.7\u2009g\/L (SD 15.1), and 79% of patients were receiving darbepoetin. The hazard ratio for mortality was 0.92 (95% CI 0.75\u20131.12) for the 105\u2013125 versus 95\u2013115\u2009g\/L comparison, and 1.20 (95% CI 0.94\u20131.54) for the 125\u2013145 versus 95\u2013115\u2009g\/L comparison. Adherence to the highest Hb target was lower, limiting precision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeting an Hb range of 105\u2013125\u2009g\/L under controlled ESA dosing was not associated with increased mortality compared with 95\u2013115\u2009g\/L. Targeting Hb levels above 125\u2009g\/L may increase mortality risk, consistent with previous trial findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:05:35Z","timestamp":1792368335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Darbepoetin Treatment Strategies for Managing Anaemia in Haemodialysis Patients: Effects on All\u2010Cause Mortality From a Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Record Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9083-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Birnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus J.","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Renal Unit Southmead Hospital  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben\u2010Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"The National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5767-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothea","family":"Nitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Noncommunicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"UK Renal Registry  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Casula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Renal Registry  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor J.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A. C.","family":"Sterne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cHaemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity \u201daccessed March 8 2025 https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/85839\/WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11.1_eng.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882\u2010020\u201001746\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000143743.78092.E3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687\u2010020\u201000215\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44557-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines. 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