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Type I interferon (IFN) is a regulatory protein involved in the innate immune response, with broad\u2010spectrum antiviral activities and the ability to directly block viral replication and support the immune response to eliminate virus infection. Insufficient virus\u2010induced type I IFN production is characteristic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection, because SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 suppresses the IFN response by interacting with essential IFN signaling pathways. Exogenous type I IFN is recommended for treating COVID\u201019. Unexpectedly however, angiotensin converting enzyme\u20102 (ACE2) receptor, which acts as a SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 receptor, was shown to be stimulated by IFN, raising doubts about the suitability of IFN use. However, further studies have excluded concerns regarding IFN administration. Type I IFNs, including IFN\u2010\u03b11b, have been used clinically as antiviral drugs for many years and have shown strong antiviral activity against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Preliminary clinical studies of type I IFNs, especially when delivered via aerosol inhalation, have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment and prevention of COVID\u201019. Randomized controlled trials of IFN for COVID\u201019 treatment are ongoing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ped4.12226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T11:04:19Z","timestamp":1609153459000},"page":"275-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Type I interferon: From innate response to treatment for COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Fuyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Long\u2010acting IFN  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunling","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children\u2019s Health  Beijing 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