{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:59:17Z","timestamp":1769741957011,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since October 2021 in Alabama, the United States, and March 2022 in central Scotland, the United Kingdom, the number of cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology\/causes in children was found to increase, and the total number of cases has reached 920 worldwide by June 22 this year, 45 cases (5%) required liver transplantation, and 18 cases (2%) died according to World Health Organization (WHO). To understand the basic characteristics of this disease\/syndrome, a literature search was performed at PubMed, websites of WHO, UK Health Security Agency, and US and European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and more than 20 reports were enrolled as references for this review. The main clinical manifestations are anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and so forth. Most of the cases seemed to have a self\u2010limited course of the disease, about 6% of cases may develop life\u2010threatening acute liver failure. The disease seems to be transmissible from person to person. Human adenovirus was detected in up to 75% of cases, but this virus seems not to be the only and major etiologic agent, other cofactors probably are involved. Researchers proposed many hypotheses concerning the etiology and pathogenesis, and many important works and studies are ongoing. This mini\u2010review is aimed at summarizing, reviewing, and further understanding the characteristics of the disease, raising some clinically relevant questions, and trying to discuss some questions that may be related to the treatment of the disease for consideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ped4.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T07:09:11Z","timestamp":1657523351000},"page":"211-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes in children \u2013 Current findings, questions, opinions, and recommendations, a mini\u2010review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getu","family":"Zhaori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Editorial Office <i>Pediatric Investigation<\/i> Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).Increase in hepatitis (liver inflammation) cases in children under investigation.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/increase\u2010in\u2010hepatitis\u2010liver\u2010inflammation\u2010cases\u2010in\u2010children\u2010under\u2010investigation. Accessed May 11 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Disease outbreak news; acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology \u2013 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease\u2010outbreak\u2010news\/item\/acute\u2010hepatitis\u2010of\u2010unknown\u2010aetiology\u2010\u2010\u2010the\u2010united\u2010kingdom\u2010of\u2010great\u2010britain\u2010and\u2010northern\u2010ireland. Accessed May 11 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.CDC alerts providers to hepatitis cases of unknown origin.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2022\/s0421\u2010hepatitis\u2010alert.html. Accessed May 13 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Proactive statement: MMWR on children with acute hepatitis and adenovirus infection in Alabama.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2022\/s0429\u2010children\u2010hepatitis.html. Accessed May 13 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization.Technical Note: acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children.https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/news\/10\u20105\u20102022\u2010technical\u2010note\u2010acute\u2010severe\u2010hepatitis\u2010unknown\u2010origin\u2010children. Accessed May 10 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics.Red book online outbreaks: hepatitis cases possibly associated with adenoviral infection.https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/redbook\/resources\/20171\/Red\u2010Book\u2010Online\u2010Outbreaks\u2010Hepatitis\u2010Cases\u2010Possibly?searchresult=1. Accessed May 14 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Disease outbreak news; severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children\u2013multi\u2010country.https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2022-DON394. Accessed June 27 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.19.2200369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.19.2200370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency.Technical briefing 2: investigation into acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children in England.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1073704\/acute\u2010hepatitis\u2010technical\u2010briefing\u20102.pdf. 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