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Few data exist on antibiotic susceptibility of NTHi from OM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether population\u2010level nasopharyngeal NTHi antibiotic susceptibility data could inform antibiotic treatment for OM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>NTHi isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a092) collected from ear discharge between 2003 and 2013 were selected to time\u2010 and age\u2010match NTHi isolates from the nasopharyngeal carriage (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a095). Antimicrobial susceptibility were tested. Phylogenomic trees and a genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) were performed to determine the similarity of nasopharyngeal and ear isolates at a population level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 174 NTHi isolates available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 10.3% (18\/174) were resistant to ampicillin and 9.2% (16\/174) were resistant to trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole. Small numbers of isolates (\u22643) were resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of ampicillin\u2010resistant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.11) or trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole\u2010resistant isolates (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.70) between ear discharge and nasopharynx\u2010derived NTHi isolates. Three multi\u2010drug resistant NTHi isolates were identified. Phylogenomic trees showed no clustering of 187 <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> isolates based on anatomical niche (nasopharynx or ear discharge), and no genetic variations that distinguished NTHi derived from ear discharge and nasopharyngeal carriage were evident in the GWAS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population\u2010level study, nasopharyngeal and ear discharge isolates did not represent distinct microbial populations. These results support tracking of population\u2010level nasopharyngeal NTHi antibiotic resistance patterns to inform clinical management of OM in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ped4.12364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T04:23:31Z","timestamp":1675830211000},"page":"13-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Can non\u2010typeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i> carriage surveillance data infer antimicrobial resistance associated with otitis media?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Bowman\u2010Derrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tegan M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemima","family":"Beissbarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Kleinecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"Australian e\u2010Health Research Centre CSIRO  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Bleakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Rumaseb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Binks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"Royal Darwin Hospital  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3706-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Smith\u2010Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116009294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102431\u20105\u201027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326\u20105377.2009.tb02931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1484286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106815\u201013\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1174354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106815\u20106\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00040\u201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. 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