{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:03:08Z","timestamp":1787583788574,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Enviro Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although many studies have considered the effects of temperature and water on plants, the combined effects of these factors on canola (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) growth, physiological traits, and fatty acids require more attention. Canola is an important oilseed crop in Canada and around the world and fatty acids act as regulators of stress signaling. We grew plants under two temperature regimes (22\u00b0C\/18\u00b0C and 28\u00b0C\/24\u00b0C; 16\u2009h light and 8\u2009h dark) and two watering regimes (well\u2010watered and water stressed) in controlled\u2010environment growth chamber for 3\u2009weeks after 1\u2009week of initial growth under 22\u00b0C\/18\u00b0C. We measured growth, biomass, photosynthesis, fatty acids, and other physiological traits of plants. With respect to plant growth and physiological traits, as individual factor, higher temperatures decreased stem diameter, specific leaf mass, leaf water potential, and flavonoids, whereas water stress decreased stem height and diameter, leaf area and number, leaf mass, net CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, but increased leaf mass ratio (leaf dry mass\/plant dry mass). In terms of interaction, higher temperatures increased plant biomass, chlorophyll (Chl)\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , carotenoids, and total Chl in the well\u2010watered plants, but decreased all these traits in the water\u2010stressed plants. With respect to fatty acids as individual factor, higher temperatures decreased tricosanoic acid (C23:0), but increased heptadecanoic acid (C17:0). In terms of interaction, higher temperatures decreased\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201010\u2010heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), elaidic acid (C18:1), arachidic acid (C20:0), and\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201011,14\u2010eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) in the water\u2010stressed plants. Lower temperatures also decreased C17:1, C18:1, and C20:2 in the water\u2010stressed plants. Overall, palmitoleic acid (C16:1) was higher in the stem than in the leaf. This study revealed that higher temperatures combined with water stress decreased some physiological traits and fatty acids and, in turn, plant biomass. Further studies are required to determine the effects of multiple climate change components on fatty acids in canola and other oilseed crops.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pei3.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T12:51:01Z","timestamp":1741611061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Individual and Interactive Effects of Temperature and Watering Regime on Canola Growth and Physiological Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Emma D.","family":"McDormand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Mount Saint Vincent University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7050-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirwais M.","family":"Qaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Mount Saint Vincent University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-019-03213-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/P05-130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.38.6.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(92)90089-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1999.0011183X003900010022x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Column Selection for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters","author":"David F.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"943","article-title":"Physiological Role of Glycinebetaine in Alleviating the Deleterious Effects of Drought Stress on Canola Plants (\n                     Brassica napus\n                   L.)","volume":"3","author":"Dawood M. 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