{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:52Z","timestamp":1791352252381,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Enviro Interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Maize (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L.), one of the most significant cereal crops in the world, is very susceptible to abiotic stresses that include drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, among others, all of which pose a risk to food and nutrition security in the face of climate change. These stresses disrupt cellular homeostasis, cause oxidative damage, inhibit photosynthesis, and eventually lower yield. This work is a synthesis of recent progress in knowledge of the biochemical, physiological, and molecular adaptation of maize to these conditions. The key processes involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hormone\u2010mediated signaling circuits; a strong antioxidant response (SOD, CAT, APX, and AsA\u2010GSH); osmolytes (proline, glycine, betaine, and soluble sugars); and metal detoxification (phytochelatin, metallothioneins, and transporter\u2010mediated) pathways. Genotypic variation can affect the effectiveness of these responses, and tolerant cultivars have been shown to have better redox regulation, ion homeostasis, and stress memory. Emerging biotechnological interventions, especially CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing and molecular breeding, offer promising opportunities to accelerate the development of multi\u2010stress\u2010tolerant maize. Nevertheless, there are knowledge gaps in the understanding of combined stress responses, the role of epigenetic regulation, and the field\u2010level translation of biochemical processes into yield stability. This review highlights the necessity to adopt integrative and systems\u2010level solutions that can integrate the understanding of the molecular basis, breeding, and biotechnology to improve the resilience of maize, protect productivity, and sustain agriculture in light of increasing climate variability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pei3.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:15:48Z","timestamp":1791350148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochemical Adaptations of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Zea mays<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L. to Abiotic Stress: A Focus on Drought, Salinity, and Heavy Metals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sandra Etumah","family":"Ifie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5585-1134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Ben","family":"Okon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliah","family":"Kwizera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4444-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Mumbua","family":"Musyoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siida","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9717-2911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian Onyinye","family":"Ojiakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology  Enugu Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3545-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustine","family":"Oviosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0289-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinyere Nneoma","family":"Ugwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University, Western Campus  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5821-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conrad Ondieki","family":"Miruka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah Eseoghene","family":"Ifie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Valley University of Science and Technology  Bushenyi Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7460-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saidi","family":"Odoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Kampala International University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubaka Ibrahim","family":"Babangida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7805-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Maduabuchi","family":"Aja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus  Ishaka Uganda"},{"name":"Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Multidisciplinary Innovations Studies, Department of Auditing, College of Accounting Science University of South Africa  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113705"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00276"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032\u2010014\u20100068\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14034885"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16067"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/2348\u20107542.2017.00084.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51470\/PLANTARCHIVES.2021.v21.no1.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095\u20103119(17)61892\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.250449"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870\u2010024\u201004843\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plgene.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges","author":"Devi E. L.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.59665\/rar3951","article-title":"An Overview of Global Maize Market Compared to Romanian Production","volume":"39","author":"Dragomir V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Romanian Agricultural Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.52586\/4998","article-title":"Approaches for the Amelioration of Adverse Effects of Drought Stress on Crop Plants","volume":"26","author":"Dubey A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Advances in Plant Microbiome Research for Climate\u2010Resilient Agriculture","author":"Sabagh A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571\u2010022\u201001288\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17931"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphgy.2024.1331421"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2017.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.108188"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2423037122"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).2016.FAOSTAT statistical database.https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20103040.1995.tb00615.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.617009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants","author":"Gull A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab050"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12172"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133215"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_32_1","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Plant Stress Physiology","author":"Hasanuzzaman M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265\u2010021\u201001348\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_34_1","volume-title":"Plant Stress Physiology","author":"Iqbal S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725\u2010015\u20100028\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2022.108096"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13071675"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.867542"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae335"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010090"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12203548"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26855\/ijfsa.2020.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117334"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_44_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Abiotic Stresses in Crop Plants Under Changing Climate: Mechanism, Alleviation Strategies and Economic Implications","author":"Langangmeilu G.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299\u2010024\u201003018\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299\u2010023\u201003090\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16116"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13607"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870\u2010017\u20101090\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.18.00436"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_16_53_1","first-page":"710","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Gene Network of Plants","volume":"27","author":"Mittler R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031576"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344\u2010018\u20109833\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad027"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15151"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_58_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Abiotic Stress and Soil\u2010Plant\u2010Atmosphere Interactions","author":"Oshunsanya S. O.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2016.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201031131\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.993675"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/environsciproc2022016064"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02757540.2024.2439830"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2017.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13061521"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_16_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14596","article-title":"The Integration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Calcium Signalling in Abiotic Stress Responses","volume":"46","author":"Ravi B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_68_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Abiotic Stress Management in Agriculture","volume":"20","author":"Reddy K. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Fertilisers"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870\u2010024\u201005533\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718\u201058392020000200241"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142\u2010019\u201000707\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-5121-3_4","volume-title":"Sustainable Remedies for Abiotic Stress in Cereals","author":"Shafiq S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10070938"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/217037"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12613"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_16_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00456-z","article-title":"Defining Roles of Specific Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cell Biology and Physiology","volume":"23","author":"Sies H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299\u2010023\u201003013\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.20385"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115274"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541\u20104337.2010.00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_81_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Mitigation of Plant Abiotic Stress by Microorganisms","author":"Taria S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44279\u2010024\u201000084\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13101983"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_84_1","volume-title":"Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change: Outlook for Knowledge, Tools and Action (CCAFS Report No. 3)","author":"Vermeulen S. J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12717"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1374086"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13677"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2016.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113349"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425\u2010024\u201004336\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav S. V.Hegde A.Habibi M.Dia andS.Verma.2018.\u201cClimate Change Agriculture and Food Security.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119180661.ch1.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119180661.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126978"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094957"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150646"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae7030050"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.108684"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201082173\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310915"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1124567"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14660"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14644"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.978304"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2022.153763"}],"container-title":["Plant-Environment Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pei3.70217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pei3.70217","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pei3.70217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:15:53Z","timestamp":1791350153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pei3.70217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pei3.70217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pei3.70217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2575-6265","2575-6265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2575-6265","type":"print"},{"value":"2575-6265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70217"}}