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Antiandrogens, protease inhibitors, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are the most common drug causes of gynecomastia, whereas first\u2010generation antipsychotics, spironolactone, verapamil, and cimetidine are less common causes. Other drugs have been reported rarely as causes. Treatment may involve switching to an alternative agent or may require surgery or irradiation if the causative agent cannot be discontinued. We reviewed the literature on drug\u2010induced gynecomastia and provided another perspective by reviewing data from the United States Food and Drug Administration's\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dverse\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      vent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      eporting\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ystem. Epidemiologic studies are needed to provide a more accurate description of the frequency of drug\u2010induced gynecomastia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,18]],"date-time":"2012-11-18T20:15:34Z","timestamp":1353269734000},"page":"1123-1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Drug\u2010Induced Gynecomastia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"John D.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center Kingsville Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Ajou University Woncheon\u2010Dong Yeongtong\u2010Gu Suwon South 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