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We describe the pharmacokinetics of oral posaconazole in a 2\u2010year\u2010old boy with rhino\u2010cerebral\u2010orbital zygomycosis. Seven days after induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, he was brought to the emergency department because of left eyelid swelling and was admitted to the hospital. Zygomycosis was diagnosed 12 days later. After we conducted a literature search and consulted with antifungal drug experts, a triple\u2010antifungal regimen consisting of liposomal amphotericin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>, caspofungin, and posaconazole was started. Given the severity of the disease, we aimed for posaconazole plasma trough concentrations greater than\u00a01.25\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml; the dosage necessary to achieve this goal was posaconazole 200\u00a0mg 4 times\/day. After a difficult 105\u2010day stay in the hospital and stabilization of the fungal infection, the patient was discharged. Caspofungin was discontinued at time of discharge, but the patient continued to receive amphotericin B lipid complex 7.5\u00a0mg\/kg\/day intravenously and posaconazole 200\u00a0mg orally 4 times\/day. This is one of the few case reports describing posaconazole pharmacokinetics in a child younger than 8 years. In patients with extensive zygomycosis, a triple\u2010antifungal regimen, combined with therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole, may be helpful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T08:47:27Z","timestamp":1357807647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Posaconazole Pharmacokinetics in a 2\u2010Year\u2010Old Boy with Rhino\u2010Cerebral\u2010Orbital Zygomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Eric F.","family":"Egelund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research College of Pharmacy, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tosha A.","family":"Egelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pharmacy Wolfson Children's Hospital Jacksonville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pharmacy Wolfson Children's Hospital Jacksonville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Wassil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pharmacy Wolfson Children's Hospital Jacksonville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Peloquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research College of Pharmacy, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.236"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Invasive disease due to Mucorales: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Yeung CK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(11)70002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(97)00246-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.830-832.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181ca0dcf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0957-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-316430"},{"volume-title":"Schering Corporation. 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