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The causes of low bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures in persons with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are likely multifactorial, involving traditional risk factors,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection, and exposure to antiretroviral treatment. Specific antiretrovirals such as tenofovir may cause a greater loss of bone mineral density compared with other agents and have recently been linked to an increased risk for fracture. As a result, recent treatment guidelines suggest that clinicians consider avoiding tenofovir as initial therapy in postmenopausal women. Evaluating bone mineral density and vitamin D status in persons with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    may be important steps in identifying those requiring pharmacotherapy; however, the appropriate timing for bone mineral density and vitamin D screening is uncertain, as is the appropriate method of replacing vitamin D in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010positive patients who are deficient. Further study is necessary to definitively determine the approach to evaluating bone health and managing low bone mineral density and vitamin D deficiency in patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T08:53:00Z","timestamp":1364806380000},"page":"665-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bone Health and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Schafer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Jefferson School of Pharmacy Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Manlangit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Jefferson School of Pharmacy Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Professor of Medicine Jefferson Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"OvertonT MondyK BushT et\u00a0al.Factors associated with low bone mineral density in a large cohort of HIV\u2010infected US adults: baseline results from the SUN study. 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