{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:23:13Z","timestamp":1791336193311,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of currently available antihyperglycemic agents can be limited by contraindications; cost; renal and hepatic dosage adjustments; dosing schedules; and adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset, weight gain, and hypoglycemia. These limitations have led the pharmaceutical industry to identify and pursue alternative therapies. Sodium glucose cotransporter\u20102 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102) inhibitors belong to a new class of diabetes drugs and have a novel mechanism of action. These agents are unique in that they increase glucose excretion, independent of insulin secretion, by inhibiting the renal reabsorption of glucose, inducing glycosuria. To summarize the current evidence for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 inhibitor therapy, we reviewed abstracts and published data from human trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ebruary 2013. Data from these trials suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 inhibitors are able to lower hemoglobin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>1c and fasting blood glucose when used as either monotherapy or combination therapy. Cardiometabolic benefits included a reduction in systolic blood pressure, reduction in triglycerides, and weight loss of up to 3\u00a0kg. Common and serious adverse effects including infections, cancer, and pollakiuria were identified and reviewed. Although these agents have generally demonstrated efficacy, the adverse effects associated with dapagliflozin have caused a delay in its regulatory approval. Continued research in this area will determine the risk:benefit ratio of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 inhibitor therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T09:16:47Z","timestamp":1370510207000},"page":"984-999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter\u20102 Inhibitors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shawn","family":"Riser Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate University School of Pharmacy Hendersonville Campus Hendersonville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate University School of Pharmacy Wingate Campus Wingate North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National diabetes fact sheet 2011. 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Accessed Feb 19 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","unstructured":"Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee.Dapagliflozin background document. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/Drugs\/EndocrinologicandMetabolicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM262996.pdf. June 31 2011. Accessed June 25 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","unstructured":"Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee.Advisory Committee Meeting transcript. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/Drugs\/EndocrinologicandMetabolicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM268727.pdf. July 19 2011. Accessed June 25 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Committee for medicinal products for human use initial authorisation. EMA\/CHMP\/259852\/2012. 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