{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:03:30Z","timestamp":1762542210563,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]],"date-time":"2013-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) chronically infects 170\u00a0million people worldwide. Until recently, combination therapy with peginterferon\u2010\u03b1 (peg<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>) and ribavirin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content>) has been the standard of care. However, for many patients, especially those infected with the most common <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101), this treatment has resulted in unsatisfactory treatment response rates. Many clinical factors, including pharmacogenetics, influence the treatment response rate. Genetic variation in the <jats:italic>interleukin 28B<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>28B<\/jats:italic>) gene is the major determinant of treatment response, a finding that has been replicated in multiple independent cohorts. This review focuses on the association between pharmacogenetics and conventional peg<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> therapy in patients infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> non\u2013genotype 1; patients reinfected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> after liver transplantation; and patients coinfected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> and human immunodeficiency virus. We also review the pharmacogenetic data for boceprevir and telaprevir triple therapy in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 infection, as well as viral genomic polymorphisms and genetic variants that may protect against anemia. Pharmacogenetic information offers a personalized medicine approach to help clinicians and patients make better informed decisions to maximize response and minimize toxicity for the treatment of chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T21:11:26Z","timestamp":1381525886000},"page":"185-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Kawaguchi\u2010Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research College of Pharmacy University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reginald F.","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research College of Pharmacy University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.447"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2012.01590.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24074"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1006613"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24641"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.618"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22759"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.49"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010494"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009482"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1012912"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1013086"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.222976"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24052"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.11.99"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1316469"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24623"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08309"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.449"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31512-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2026"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.08.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i31.3636"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2012.02.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","DOI":"10.5812\/kowsar.1735143X.4202"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1703"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.08.021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)61331-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr488"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.056"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.05.079"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.041"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22038"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.032"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06918.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23976"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.024"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24154"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir193"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24683"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.09.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i47.7003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2012.01621.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318244f774","article-title":"Role of IL28B polymorphism in the development of hepatitis C virus\u2010induced hepatocellular carcinoma, graft fibrosis, and posttransplant antiviral therapy","volume":"93","author":"Eurich D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182547551"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22235"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.10.037"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0680-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05241.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.07.027"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07129.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.058"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283391d6d"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","DOI":"10.1086\/656235"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013771"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143767"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","DOI":"10.1086\/657146"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028115"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31824f5506"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.05.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.11.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025753"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02623.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283568884"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047725"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283471cae"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283471d83"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir113"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)60014-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25653"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807650"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(12)61106-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)61371-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)60015-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)61332-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23690"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir210"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24058"},{"volume-title":"Incivek (telaprevir) package insert","year":"2013","author":"Vertex Pharmaceuticals","key":"e_1_2_8_84_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anemia management in the era of triple combination therapy for chronic HCV","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson IM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Polymorphism of the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase gene predicts ribavirin\u2010induced anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"5","author":"Nishimura T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Med Report"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08825"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.071"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22069"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0798-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s100380200095"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.10.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.07.051"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.059501"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3180308554"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2005.03.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir754"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.12.038"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(75)93685-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5789"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283546efd"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24068"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2011.00927.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir665"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06473-11"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23302"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.04.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.03.020"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363883"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.08.037"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12766"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199903)57:3<223::AID-JMV2>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328348a7ac"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","first-page":"S147","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism of low\u2010density lipoprotein receptor did not affect treatment outcome of chronic hepatitis C genotype 3","volume":"94","author":"Tanwandee T","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2253"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","DOI":"10.1086\/374561"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833bedc8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21778"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.01.029"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007106"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2629"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","DOI":"10.1186\/gm222"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_125_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0578-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_126_1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25826"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_127_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-124"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_128_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0322-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_129_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000328327"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_130_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02571.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_131_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22092"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_132_1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223495"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_133_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030513"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_134_1","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02109-12"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.1349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.1349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:31:02Z","timestamp":1761057062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.1349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.1349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.1349","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-0008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-9114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}