{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:34:14Z","timestamp":1789907654061,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe and evaluate the extent and diversity of nationwide data from clinical pharmacists\u2019 interventions (PIs) in German hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADKA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Doku<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIK<\/jats:styled-content> German database, a national anonymous self\u2010reported Internet\u2010based documentation system for routine PIs as well as for medication errors reported by German hospital pharmacists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data sets from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADKA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Doku<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIK<\/jats:styled-content> entered between January 2009 and December 2012 were analyzed descriptively. A total of 27,610 PIs were entered, mainly by ward\u2010based clinical pharmacists (82.5%). Most of the PIs were performed on surgical wards (37.8%), followed by anesthesiology\/intensive care unit\/intermediate care unit and internal medicine. The most prevalent therapeutic subgroup that was the trigger for the PIs was antibacterials for systemic use (13.9%), followed by antithrombotic agents, analgesics, drugs for acid\u2010related disorders, and agents acting on the renin\u2010angiotensin system. About a quarter of interventions (23.4%) were performed due to inappropriate use of drugs, followed by use of a wrong dose or administration interval (22.1%), resulting in the most frequently taken actions of change of dose, change of drug, and drug stopped\/paused (withheld). Altogether, the implementation rate of the PIs was 85.5%. Underlying medication errors were predominantly classified as \u201cerror, no harm\u201d according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the first time in a European country, our findings show the scope of clinical pharmacist involvement in patient care in daily clinical practice and demonstrate the usefulness and importance of their proactive interventions in the prevention of hazards and risks for hospital inpatients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T07:37:30Z","timestamp":1429256250000},"page":"370-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Nationwide Evaluation of Day\u2010to\u2010Day Clinical Pharmacists\u2019 Interventions in <scp>G<\/scp>erman Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Langebrake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Ihbe\u2010Heffinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"},{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Unit Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Leichenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University Hospital Jena Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University Hospital Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lueb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy SLK\u2010Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH Heilbronn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Hilgarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Klinikum Fulda gAG Fulda Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"408","article-title":"A systematic review of the clinical and economic effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"5","author":"Altowaijri A","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/59.21.2070","article-title":"Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacist recommendations in a Veterans Affairs medical center","volume":"21","author":"Lee AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.6.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.3.134.33551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.4.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.1.113.31910"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2012-000162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2013-000285","article-title":"EAHP Survey 2010 on hospital pharmacy in Europe: parts 4 and 5. 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