{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:27:42Z","timestamp":1765546062837,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005321","name":"American College of Clinical Pharmacy Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effects of low\u2010dose pioglitazone on plasma adipocyte\u2010derived cytokines, high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hs\u2010CRP), and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University of Colorado Clinical and Translational Research Center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two men and women, aged 30\u201360 years, without diabetes who had a clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral pioglitazone 7.5 mg daily or matching placebo for 8 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary end point was the change in plasma high\u2010molecular\u2010weight (HMW) adiponectin level from baseline to week 8. Other end points were changes in plasma total adiponectin, omentin, and hs\u2010CRP levels, and changes in components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., insulin sensitivity) from baseline to week 8. Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in plasma HMW adiponectin from baseline to week 8 compared with placebo (+47% vs \u221210%, p&lt;0.001). Insulin sensitivity increased significantly from baseline to week 8 in the pioglitazone group (+88%, p=0.02) but not in the placebo group (+15%, p=0.14). Change in HMW adiponectin was significantly correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity in the pioglitazone group (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.784, p=0.003). No significant differences in mean percentage changes in plasma total adiponectin, omentin, and hs\u2010CRP levels were observed between the pioglitazone and placebo groups. Likewise, changes in body weight, insulin sensitivity, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure did not differ significantly between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010dose pioglitazone favorably modulates plasma HMW adiponectin, which was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, in patients with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T01:38:47Z","timestamp":1454031527000},"page":"252-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacodynamic Effects of Low\u2010Dose Pioglitazone in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome without Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Anh","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Kosmiski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber L.","family":"Beitelshees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Prigeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha S.","family":"Sidhom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Bredbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Predhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Deininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Aquilante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2005.00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207198200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300365200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2010.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00572.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03137.x","article-title":"Pioglitazone (7.5 mg\/day) added to flutamide\u2010metformin in women with androgen excess: additional increments of visfatin and high molecular weight adiponectin","volume":"2","author":"Ibanez L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.9.2094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000200136.56716.30","article-title":"Effects of rosiglitazone on lipids, adipokines, and inflammatory markers in nondiabetic patients with low high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Samaha FF","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000195790.24531.4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"Actos (pioglitazone) prescribing information. Available fromhttp:\/\/general.takedapharm.com\/content\/file.aspx?filetypecode=actospi&cacheRandomizer=41c594b3-8348-4e23-8be2-82eb846bfcc0. Accessed December 1 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.11.1605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K05-067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"E592","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness: minimal model analysis of regular and insulin\u2010modified FSIGT","volume":"4","author":"Pacini G","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(86)90106-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"6","author":"Friedewald WT","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311113200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2976-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S65275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.6.1313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320312452028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"3169","article-title":"Troglitazone monotherapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled study. The Troglitazone Study Group","volume":"9","author":"Fonseca VA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200108000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e318197ec8b","article-title":"Effect of statins on fasting plasma glucose in diabetic and nondiabetic patients","volume":"3","author":"Sukhija R","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61965-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61190-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1745"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.1713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.1713","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.1713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:58:21Z","timestamp":1761047901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.1713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.1713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.1713","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-0008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-9114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}