{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:48:21Z","timestamp":1761562101381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To evaluate controlled substance prescribing trends available in the Maine Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP<\/jats:styled-content>) among individuals arrested for prescription drug \u201ctrafficking.\u201d The demographic characteristics of the individuals who had matching prescription records in the PMP<\/jats:styled-content> within 90\u00a0days of the arrest were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design<\/jats:title>A population\u2010based, retrospective cohort study using data from the Maine Diversion Alert Program (DAP<\/jats:styled-content>) and the Maine PMP<\/jats:styled-content>. The study population consisted of persons arrested for trafficking prescription drugs in Maine during the 2014 calendar year from January 1 to December 31.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There were 594 trafficking arrests reported by the Maine DAP<\/jats:styled-content> in 2014. The study population consisted of the 235 persons (40%) with arrests involving controlled prescription medications. The mean age of these persons was 33\u00a0years (range 18\u201377 yrs), and 156 (66%) were male. Arrests involved 154 prescription opioids (65%), seven stimulants (3%), seven benzodiazepines (3%), and 77 unspecified controlled prescription drugs (33%). A minority of individuals (n=57, 24%) had a prescription record in the PMP<\/jats:styled-content> that matched the substance involved in the arrest. Only one person with matching PMP<\/jats:styled-content> and arrest records utilized \u2265\u00a05 prescribers, while none used \u2265\u00a05 pharmacies within 90\u00a0days before the arrest. Payment methods for matching prescriptions were commercial insurance (n=28, 49%), Medicaid (n=19, 33%), Medicare (n=5, 9%), and cash (n=5, 9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The majority (76%) of persons arrested for prescription drug trafficking did not have PMP<\/jats:styled-content> records and did not directly obtain the diverted medication from a licensed pharmacy. Traditional red flags, like cash payment and using multiple prescribers or pharmacies, were uncommon. Therefore, arrest records for diversion and PMP<\/jats:styled-content>s are distinct and complementary tools for identifying individuals at risk for substance misuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T02:34:59Z","timestamp":1460946899000},"page":"585-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prescription Monitoring Program Trends Among Individuals Arrested in Maine for Trafficking Prescription Drugs in 2014"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"McCall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of New England Portland Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie D.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Husson University School of Pharmacy Bangor Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Maine Medical Center Portland Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Ochs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of New England Portland Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Cattabriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community and Public Health University of New England Portland Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhao","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of New England Portland Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Vital Statistics System mortality data.2015. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/deaths.htm. Accessed December 1 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"The White House: Office of the Press Secretary.FACT SHEET: Obama Administration Announces Public and Private Sector Efforts to Address Prescription Drug Abuse and Heroin Use. October 21 2015. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2015\/10\/21\/fact-sheet-obama-administration-announces-public-and-private-sector. Accessed November 1 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"U.S. General Accounting Office.Report to Congressional Requesters #GAO\u201004\u2010110.Washington DC: Dec.2013Oxycontin abuse and diversion and efforts to address the problem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration.National drug threat assessment summary 2014. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.dea.gov\/resource-center\/dir-ndta-unclass.pdf. Accessed March 1 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings.Rockville MD:Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration;2014. NSDUH series H\u201048 HHS publication. SMA 14\u20104863. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013\/Web\/NSDUHresults2013.pdf. Accessed March 1 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Maine Criminal Code. Title 17\u2010A: Available fromhttp:\/\/www.mainelegislature.org\/legis\/statutes\/17-A\/title17-Asec1101.html. Accessed April 24 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12809"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.1758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.1758","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.1758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1761063899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.1758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.1758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.1758","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-0008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-9114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}