{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:57:51Z","timestamp":1790405871653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AI121400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AI121400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21\u2010109266\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21\u2010109266\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are the second most common cause of nosocomial infections in the United States and are particularly concerning in critically ill patients with preexisting comorbid conditions. Rising resistance to antimicrobials that were historically used as front\u2010line agents for treatment of enterococcal infections, such as ampicillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides, further complicates the treatment of these infections. Of particular concern are\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains that are associated with the highest rate of vancomycin resistance. The introduction of antimicrobial agents with specific activity against vancomycin\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    including daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin\u2010dalfopristin, and tigecycline did not completely resolve this clinical dilemma. In this review, the mechanisms of action and resistance to currently available anti\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    antimicrobial agents including newer agents such as oritavancin and dalbavancin will be presented. In addition, novel combination therapies including \u03b2\u2010lactams and fosfomycin, and the promising results from in\u00a0vitro\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    animal studies, and clinical experience in the treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    will be discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T15:12:41Z","timestamp":1488985961000},"page":"579-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Role of Combination Antimicrobial Therapy for Vancomycin\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>\n                    Infections: Review of the Current Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Juwon","family":"Yim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti\u2010Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy High Point University High Point North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti\u2010Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/668770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02943-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-004-2036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313949"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/329157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"a2466","article-title":"Ceftaroline: a new cephalosporin with activity against methicillin\u2010resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"3","author":"Duplessis C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Med Rev Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/491711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321815"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.8.2538-2544.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00011-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw815","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of standard\u2010, medium\u2010, and high\u2010dose daptomycin strategies for the treatment of vancomycin\u2010resistant enterococcal bacteremia among veterans affairs patients","volume":"64","author":"Britt NS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"Lexicomp Online.Lexi\u2010Drugs Hudson Ohio: Lexi\u2010Comp Inc.; 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